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Capillary Electrophoresis Mass Spectrometry Approaches for Characterization of the Protein and Metabolite Corona Acquired by Nanomaterials

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Capillary electrophoretic separation of nanoparticles.

Sławomir Oszwałdowski¹, Katarzyna Zawistowska-Gibuła, Kenneth P Roberts

¹Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Poland. slaosw@ch.pw.edu.pl

Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry

|January 27, 2011

Summary

Stable aqueous solutions of cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanocrystals (NCs) were achieved using amphiphilic molecules. A micellar plug electrophoresis method demonstrated significant preconcentration and separation efficiencies for these NCs.

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Area of Science:

Nanotechnology
Analytical Chemistry
Physical Chemistry

Background:

Cadmium selenide (CdSe) nanocrystals (NCs) often require surface modification for stable aqueous solutions.
Electrophoretic techniques are crucial for analyzing nanoparticle behavior and separation.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop a method for stable aqueous solutions of CdSe NCs.
To investigate novel electrophoretic phenomena using a micellar plug for NC separation and preconcentration.
To evaluate the separation efficiency and preconcentration capabilities for various modified NCs.

Main Methods:

Surface modification of CdSe NCs with amphiphilic molecules to form stable aqueous solutions.
Micellar electrokinetic chromatography (MEKC) using a micellar plug to create distinct micellar and micelle-free zones.
Analysis of NC distribution between zones based on surface ligand affinity and electrophoretic conditions.
Investigation of preconcentration mechanisms and separation efficiency (theoretical plates).

Main Results:

Achieved stable aqueous solutions of surface-modified CdSe NCs.
Demonstrated significant preconcentration of NCs within the micellar zone, with an enhancement factor (SEF(height)) of at least 20.
Observed a two-order difference in separation efficiencies between focused NCs (N ~ 10(7)) and typical CZE peaks (N ~ 10(5)).
Successfully applied the method to separate CdSe/ZnS NCs and DNA-modified particles, enabling conjugation yield estimation.

Conclusions:

Surface modification with amphiphilic molecules yields stable aqueous NC solutions.
Micellar plug electrophoresis effectively separates and preconcentrates NCs based on their affinity for micellar zones.
This technique offers superior separation efficiency compared to conventional CZE.
The method is versatile for analyzing various functionalized nanoparticles and estimating conjugation yields.