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Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies01:21

Aneurysm II: Clinical Manifestations and Diagnostic Studies

Thoracic, aortic arch and abdominal aneurysms are significant vascular conditions that can present with various clinical manifestations and lead to serious complications. Understanding these manifestations and the appropriate diagnostic studies is essential for effective management and treatment.Thoracic Aortic AneurysmsThoracic aortic aneurysms often remain asymptomatic until they reach a size that impinges on adjacent structures. They typically cause deep, diffuse chest pain that radiates to...

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Ascending Aortic Constriction in Rats for Creation of Pressure Overload Cardiac Hypertrophy Model
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Published on: June 29, 2014

Chest impact experiments aimed at producing aortic rupture.

David C Viano1

  • 1ProBiomechanics LLC, 265 Warrington Road, Bloomfield Hills, MI 48304, USA. dviano@comcast.net

Clinical Anatomy (New York, N.Y.)
|January 27, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Severe chest impacts on cadavers showed potential for aortic rupture, but only one instance occurred. Cadaver positioning may not accurately reflect human aortic injury mechanisms.

Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Trauma Research
  • Forensic Science

Background:

  • Traumatic aortic rupture is a severe injury with several proposed mechanisms.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for improving injury prevention and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the biomechanical responses and injury patterns resulting from simulated chest impacts associated with traumatic aortic rupture.
  • To evaluate the incidence of aortic rupture under controlled impact conditions in unembalmed cadavers.

Main Methods:

  • Eleven unembalmed cadavers were subjected to controlled chest impacts using a 24-34 kg mass at varying velocities (8.6-14.9 m/sec) and three distinct impact orientations.
  • Spinal acceleration (T1, T8, T12), chest compression (high-speed video), and impact loads were measured.

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  • Detailed autopsy was performed to document all injuries, including aortic and cardiac trauma.

    • Main Results:

    • Impacts generated average loads of 9.65 ± 2.45 kN, resulting in 52.8 ± 5.4% chest compression and a viscous response of 3.53 ± 0.94 m/sec.
    • Resultant spinal accelerations ranged from 89.3 ± 39.1 g (T12) to 141.3 ± 80.5 g (T8).
    • Severe chest injuries (AIS = 4.2 ± 1.0) were common, including four heart lacerations and one ascending aorta transection; however, only one aortic rupture occurred.

    Conclusions:

    • The applied impact forces and resulting chest compressions were severe, consistent with those expected to cause aortic rupture.
    • The low incidence of aortic rupture suggests that the upright cadaver model may not fully replicate the in vivo positioning of the heart and aorta during human traumatic injury.
    • Further research is needed to refine cadaveric models for accurately simulating traumatic aortic rupture mechanisms.