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AIDS and HIV associated disorders in Karachi
R M Khanani1, A Hafeez, S M Rab
1Department of Pathology, Sind Medical College, Karachi.
JPMA. the Journal of the Pakistan Medical Association
|April 1, 1990
Summary
This study investigated HIV prevalence in Pakistan, finding 3 confirmed cases among 413 individuals. The first reported AIDS case in a Pakistani national highlights the need for increased awareness and prevention strategies.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Diseases
- Public Health
Background:
- Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection poses a global health challenge.
- Understanding the prevalence of HIV in diverse populations is crucial for targeted interventions.
- Pakistan, a developing nation, requires specific data on HIV epidemiology.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the seroprevalence of HIV infection in Pakistan.
- To identify risk factors and modes of transmission within the studied population.
- To report the first case of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) in a Pakistani national.
Main Methods:
- A seroepidemiological study was conducted on 413 individuals from various groups in Pakistan.
- HIV antibodies were screened using Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA).
- Positive ELISA results were confirmed using Western blot analysis.
Main Results:
- Out of 413 individuals screened, four tested positive by ELISA, with three confirmed by Western blot.
- Two confirmed cases were foreign nationals; one presented with full-blown Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS), the other was asymptomatic.
- The third confirmed case was a Pakistani national with full-blown AIDS and toxoplasmosis, marking the first reported instance in the country. The fourth case was an asymptomatic individual who could not be traced.
- Identified transmission routes included blood transfusions abroad and sexual contact.
Conclusions:
- This study reports the first case of full-blown AIDS in a Pakistani national, underscoring the presence of HIV/AIDS in the country.
- The findings highlight the importance of international travel and sexual contact as significant risk factors for HIV transmission in Pakistan.
- Further research and public health initiatives are recommended to address HIV/AIDS prevalence and prevention in Pakistan.