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Updated: Jun 4, 2026
Human Primary Trophoblast Cell Culture Model to Study the Protective Effects of Melatonin Against Hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced Disruption
Published on: July 30, 2016
[Melatonin: cell death modulator]
Cecília da Silva Ferreira1, Carla Cristina Maganhin, Ricardo dos Santos Simões
1Departamento de Ginecologia, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP.
Abstract:
Apoptosis or programmed death is a biological phenomenon, which is essential for the development and maintenance of a cell population. In this process, senescent or damaged cells are eliminated after activation of a cell death program involving participation of pro-apoptotic molecules (Fas, Fas-L, Bax, caspases 2, 3, 6, 7, 8 and 9). Molecule activation causes typical morphological changes, such as cell shrinkage, loss of adhesion to the extracellular matrix and neighboring cells, chromatin condensation, DNA fragmentation and formation of apoptotic bodies. Anti-apoptotic molecules (Bcl-2, FLIP) block the emergence and evolution of these cell changes and prevent cell death. The balance between molecules pro and anti-apoptotic ensures tissue homeostasis. When apoptosis is out of control, it contributes to the emergence of several neoplastic, autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases. Several inducing and inhibitors of apoptosis agents are recognized as potential weapons in the fight against diseases related to proliferation and cell death disorders among which stand out hormones. Melatonin has been reported as important anti-apoptotic agent in various tissues by reducing cell calcium uptake, modulating expression of anti-oxidants and decreasing pro-apoptotic protein, such as Bax. The knowledge of new agents capable to act on the course pf apoptosis is important and of great value for developing further therapies against many diseases. Thus, the objective of this review was to elucidate the main aspects of cell death by apoptosis and the role of melatonin in this process.
Insights
Apoptosis, programmed cell death, is vital for tissue health. Melatonin acts as an anti-apoptotic agent, helping maintain cellular balance and potentially treat related diseases.
Area of Science:
- Cell biology
- Molecular biology
- Biochemistry
Context:
- Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a fundamental biological process crucial for development and tissue homeostasis.
- Dysregulation of apoptosis is implicated in various diseases, including cancer, autoimmune disorders, and neurodegeneration.
- Understanding apoptosis mechanisms is key to developing novel therapeutic strategies.
Purpose:
- To review the fundamental aspects of apoptosis, including its molecular mechanisms and morphological changes.
- To elucidate the role of melatonin as a significant anti-apoptotic agent in various biological systems.
- To highlight the therapeutic potential of agents modulating apoptosis for disease treatment.
Summary:
- Apoptosis involves the activation of pro-apoptotic molecules (e.g., caspases, Bax) leading to characteristic cell changes, while anti-apoptotic molecules (e.g., Bcl-2, FLIP) inhibit this process.
- Melatonin exhibits anti-apoptotic properties by reducing calcium uptake, enhancing antioxidants, and decreasing pro-apoptotic proteins like Bax.
- The balance between pro- and anti-apoptotic factors is critical for maintaining tissue homeostasis, and its disruption contributes to disease pathogenesis.
Impact:
- Provides a comprehensive overview of apoptosis, aiding researchers in understanding cell death pathways.
- Highlights melatonin's potential as a therapeutic agent in diseases associated with apoptosis dysregulation.
- Emphasizes the importance of identifying new apoptosis-modulating agents for future therapeutic development.
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