Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Encephalitis l: Introduction01:19

Encephalitis l: Introduction

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma, most often due to infections or autoimmune processes. It presents with neuropsychiatric features such as fever, altered mental status, behavioral changes, cognitive dysfunction, seizures, focal deficits, and sometimes autonomic instability. In some cases, the meninges are also involved, resulting in meningoencephalitis.Infectious CausesInfectious encephalitis is most commonly viral but can also result from bacterial, fungal, or parasitic...
Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology01:26

Encephalitis ll: Pathophysiology

Encephalitis is inflammation of the brain parenchyma caused by direct viral invasion or immune-mediated mechanisms triggered by infections or tumors. Both processes lead to neuronal injury, disrupted neurotransmission, and diverse neurological symptoms, often with overlapping clinical and pathological features.Autoimmune EncephalitisIn autoimmune encephalitis, antibodies target neuronal antigens on cell surfaces, synapses, or within neurons. A key example is anti-NMDAR encephalitis, which can...
Arboviral Encephalitis01:25

Arboviral Encephalitis

Arboviral encephalitis refers to brain inflammation caused by arthropod-borne viruses, particularly those transmitted through mosquito vectors. Among these, West Nile virus (WNV), a member of the Flaviviridae family, is a significant public health concern. WNV is an enveloped, positive-sense, single-stranded RNA virus. Human infection typically begins when an infected mosquito introduces the virus into the dermis during feeding. The primary transmission cycle involves birds as amplifying hosts...
Hepatic Encephalopathy01:29

Hepatic Encephalopathy

DefinitionHepatic encephalopathy is a reversible neurologic syndrome that results from advanced liver dysfunction or portosystemic shunting. It leads to disturbances in cognition, behavior, and motor function due to the brain’s exposure to gut-derived toxins that the liver fails to detoxify.EtiologyThis condition develops either in the setting of acute fulminant hepatitis or progressively during chronic liver disease, such as cirrhosis and portal hypertension. Portosystemic shunting—including...
Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Viral Meningitis01:18

Viral Meningitis

Viral meningitis is the most common form of meningitis and is often referred to as aseptic meningitis to indicate the absence of bacterial involvement. It is generally milder than bacterial meningitis, with symptoms including fever, headache, stiff neck, drowsiness, nausea, photophobia, and vomiting. Rarely, more severe manifestations or death may occur. Common causative agents include enteroviruses, particularly coxsackie A and B viruses and echoviruses, all members of the Enterovirus genus...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Patterns and Trajectories of Behavioral and Neuropsychiatric Symptoms in Frontotemporal Dementia and Primary Progressive Aphasia.

Neurology·2026
Same author

Incidence and time course of new contrast-enhancing lesions on MRI after proton versus photon radiotherapy in glioma patients.

Neuroradiology·2025
Same author

Prioritizing brain Metabolism: Evidence from brain temperatures of severe underweight individuals.

Journal of psychiatric research·2025
Same author

Puppy sign indicating bilateral dissection of internal carotid artery.

BMJ case reports·2025
Same author

[Diagnostic utility of the MTA-Score depending on age and cerebral microangiopathy in times of automated volumetry].

Fortschritte der Neurologie-Psychiatrie·2025
Same author

A support vector machine-based approach to guide the selection of a pseudo-reference region for brain PET quantification.

Journal of cerebral blood flow and metabolism : official journal of the International Society of Cerebral Blood Flow and Metabolism·2024
Same journal

Correction to: Multiscale characterization and classification of Alzheimer's disease via integration of brain fingerprint radiomics and graph‑theoretical network metrics.

Neuroradiology·2026
Same journal

Reconstruction of complete cerebral arterial anatomy from non-contrast CT using deep learning for pre-thrombectomy guidance.

Neuroradiology·2026
Same journal

The blister sign on non-contrast CT for detection of blood blister-like aneurysms in acute subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Neuroradiology·2026
Same journal

Pre-existing intracranial arterial stenosis independently predicts delayed cerebral ischemia after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage.

Neuroradiology·2026
Same journal

Frontotemporal lobar degeneration in a patient carrying a pathogenic PABPN1 expansion.

Neuroradiology·2026
Same journal

Core-based voxel-wise T2-FLAIR mismatch analysis for differentiation of IDH-mutant astrocytomas from oligodendrogliomas.

Neuroradiology·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:19

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

Autoimmune-mediated encephalitis.

Philippe Demaerel1, Wim Van Dessel, Wim Van Paesschen

  • 1Department of Radiology, University Hospitals K.U.Leuven, Herestraat 49, 3000 Leuven, Belgium. philippe.demaerel@uzleuven.be

Neuroradiology
|January 29, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Autoimmune-mediated encephalitis, a condition affecting the brain, can be detected using neuroimaging. Advanced imaging techniques reveal subtle structural changes, aiding diagnosis when antibodies are absent.

More Related Videos

Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
26:48

Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: July 4, 2007

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice and Evaluation of the Disease-dependent Distribution of Immune Cells in Various Tissues
08:47

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice and Evaluation of the Disease-dependent Distribution of Immune Cells in Various Tissues

Published on: May 8, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
06:19

Induction and Diverse Assessment Indicators of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: September 9, 2022

Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis
26:48

Induction and Clinical Scoring of Chronic-Relapsing Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis

Published on: July 4, 2007

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice and Evaluation of the Disease-dependent Distribution of Immune Cells in Various Tissues
08:47

Induction of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis in Mice and Evaluation of the Disease-dependent Distribution of Immune Cells in Various Tissues

Published on: May 8, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Radiology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Autoimmune-mediated encephalitis presents as paraneoplastic or non-paraneoplastic conditions.
  • Neuroimaging's role has evolved due to technical advancements and new antibody discoveries.
  • Imaging supports clinical diagnosis, especially when antibodies are undetectable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current role of neuroimaging in diagnosing autoimmune-mediated encephalitis.
  • To highlight the impact of technological advancements on imaging findings.
  • To describe the spectrum of neuroimaging abnormalities in this condition.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of autoimmune-mediated encephalitis, excluding Japanese publications.
  • Analysis of own patient findings.
  • Focus on structural neuroimaging, particularly FLAIR sequences.

Main Results:

  • Subtle structural imaging findings are often best visualized on FLAIR sequences.
  • Encephalitis can manifest with progressive or relapsing-remitting courses.
  • Classic involvement includes hippocampus and amygdala, but extensive cortical and subcortical changes are common.

Conclusions:

  • Neuroimaging is crucial for diagnosing autoimmune-mediated encephalitis, complementing serological testing.
  • Advancements in MRI technology enhance the detection of subtle inflammatory changes.
  • A broad range of brain structures can be affected, necessitating comprehensive imaging evaluation.