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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

Published on: November 30, 2018

Eye movements reveal solution knowledge prior to insight.

Jessica J Ellis¹, Mackenzie G Glaholt, Eyal M Reingold

¹University of Toronto Mississauga, Department of Psychology, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. jessicajellis@gmail.com

Consciousness and Cognition

|January 29, 2011

Summary

Participants

Area of Science:

Cognitive psychology
Neuroscience

Background:

Understanding the cognitive processes underlying problem-solving, particularly anagram tasks.
Investigating the relationship between eye movements and subjective awareness during problem-solving.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate online measures of knowledge acquisition during anagram problem-solving.
To explore whether partial knowledge is available before subjective insight.

Main Methods:

Participants solved anagram problems with eye movements monitored.
Analysis of viewing times on solution letters versus distractor letters.
Comparison of eye movement patterns with and without subjective insight experiences.

Main Results:

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Eye Tracking During Visually Situated Language Comprehension: Flexibility and Limitations in Uncovering Visual Context Effects

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Published on: November 30, 2018

Using Eye Movements to Evaluate the Cognitive Processes Involved in Text Comprehension

Using Eye Movements to Evaluate the Cognitive Processes Involved in Text Comprehension

Published on: January 10, 2014

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory

Eye Movement Monitoring of Memory

Published on: August 15, 2010

Viewing times on distractor letters decreased gradually before response, unlike early trial patterns.

This pattern persisted regardless of whether participants reported subjective insight.

Eye movement data suggests partial solution knowledge precedes conscious awareness.

Conclusions:

Partial knowledge of anagram solutions can be available before subjective awareness.
Eye-tracking provides an objective measure of cognitive processing during problem-solving.
Findings support models where unconscious processing contributes to insight.