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Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
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Infection

Infection

When a pathogen enters the body and reproduces, it can cause an infection, damage body cells, and cause illness symptoms that eventually lead to disease. Therefore, its prevention requires breaking the chain of infection.
The chain begins with pathogens: bacteria, viruses, fungi, prions, or parasites such as protozoa helminths. These can be present on the skin as transient or resident flora, or they can be acquired from the environment. Identifying and treating the type of infection and...

Reservoir of Infection

Reservoir of Infection

Infectious diseases arise from intricate interactions between pathogens and their reservoirs. A reservoir of infection refers to the natural habitat where a pathogen lives, grows, and multiplies, serving as a continual source of infection. Reservoirs are broadly classified as either living or nonliving, and each plays a unique role in disease transmission, significantly influencing public health interventions and control strategies.Humans act as reservoirs for a wide array of pathogens,...

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

Factors Affecting the Risk of Infection

The hosts' susceptibility to infection depends on several factors. The integrity of the skin and mucous membranes helps protect the body against microbial attacks. When the skin is altered, the chance of infection, limb loss, and even death increases.
The integrity and count of the white blood cells help the body resist pathogens and fight infection. When impaired, it reduces the body's resistance to pathogens. The acidic pH levels of the gastrointestinal, genitourinary tracts, and skin create...

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

Healthcare Associated Infections I: Iatrogenic, Exogenic and Endogenic

Healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) occur in a healthcare facility while a person receives care for another ailment. This category also includes work-related infections among healthcare staff.
HAIs significantly increase the cost of health care. Extended stays in healthcare institutions, increased disability, increased costs of medications, including specialized antibiotics, and prolonged recovery times add to the patient's expenses and the healthcare institution and funding bodies. Common...

Giardiasis

Giardiasis

Giardiasis is a globally prevalent intestinal infection caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis (also known as G. lamblia or G. intestinalis). This flagellated protozoan is the most frequently identified intestinal parasite in the United States and worldwide. Transmission primarily occurs via the fecal-oral route, with infection arising from ingestion of water or food contaminated with cysts. Individuals in low-resource settings, international travelers, outdoor enthusiasts, daycare...

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Determining Soil-transmitted Helminth Infection Status and Physical Fitness of School-aged Children

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Infections in refugee children from developing countries.

F Gorzalka, J S Keystone

Canadian Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien

|January 29, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Refugee children may face unique health challenges, including infectious diseases like tuberculosis and malaria, and blood disorders such as anemia. Early identification and treatment are crucial for their well-being.

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Area of Science:

Pediatrics
Infectious Diseases
Hematology

Background:

Refugee children often experience health issues unfamiliar to host countries.
Common problems include tuberculosis, hepatitis B, parasitic infections, malaria, eosinophilia, and anemia.

Purpose of the Study:

To discuss the prevalence, clinical features, and treatment of infectious and hematological problems in refugee children.
To highlight the importance of considering both common and exotic diseases in symptomatic refugee children.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on the health of refugee children.
Discussion of clinical features and diagnostic considerations for various conditions.

Main Results:

Tuberculosis, hepatitis B, intestinal parasites, malaria, eosinophilia, and anemia are prevalent among refugee children.
Microcytic anemia warrants consideration of iron deficiency and hemoglobinopathies.

Conclusions:

Symptomatic refugee children require a broad differential diagnosis including common and exotic infectious diseases.
Hematological conditions like iron deficiency and hemoglobinopathies are important in diagnosing anemia.