Histological changes in the genital tract of female veal calves implanted with naturally occurring anabolic steroids

The influence of implants composed of estradiol and testosterone on the genital tract of female veal calves was studied. Striking results were the metaplastic and hyperplastic lesions seen in Bartholin's glands (an estrogenic effect) and a preputial-like separation of the clitoral epithelium (an androgenic effect). Other changes were less pronounced or resembled those found in estrous animals. Similar though less distinct histological changes were observed in the genital tract of animals from a farm with a history of illegal administration of anabolic steroids suggesting illegal treatment. From these findings it is concluded that histological screening of Bartholin's glands for estrogenic influences and of the clitoris for androgenic activity can be useful in tracing illegal anabolic treatment of female veal calves with combination preparations.