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Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency Diseases

Immunodeficiency disorders are conditions in which the immune system's ability to fight infectious disease and cancer is compromised or entirely absent. The immune system comprises a complex network of cells, tissues, and organs that work together to protect the body from potentially harmful invaders. When this system is deficient or not functioning properly, it leaves the body susceptible to infections, diseases, or other complications.
There are three main causes of immunodeficiency disorders...

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary Lymphoid Organs

Primary lymphoid organs are pivotal in the formation, development, and maturation of lymphocytes, the white blood cells that serve as the backbone of our immune system. This crucial function underscores their fundamental role in maintaining our overall health and immunity. The two primary lymphoid organs of prime importance are the red bone marrow and the thymus.
The red bone marrow is a soft, spongy tissue nestled in the interior of long bones such as the humerus and femur. It is the site...

Lipid Absorption

Lipid Absorption

Dietary triglycerides from chyme in the duodenum are mixed with bile salts produced by the liver to emulsify fats. As a result, large droplets are broken down into smaller ones, increasing the surface area for enzymatic action. Once emulsified, pancreatic lipases hydrolyze the triglycerides into free fatty acids and monoglycerides.
These breakdown products bind with bile salts and lecithin to form micelles, which quickly pass between microvilli to come in close contact with the apical...

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary Lymphoid Organs

Secondary organs, including lymph nodes, the spleen, and mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT), work harmoniously to protect us from disease and infection.
The spleen is a vital organ in the lymphatic system, nestled in the upper left side of the abdomen. It is composed of two primary regions: the red pulp and the white pulp, each having distinct functions. The red pulp performs a significant role in blood filtration. It efficiently purges the blood of old or damaged red blood cells and...

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis

Leishmaniasis is a protozoal disease caused by species of the genus Leishmania and transmitted through the bite of infected female sandflies. The parasite exists in two principal morphological forms during its life cycle. A sandfly acquires intracellular amastigotes from an infected reservoir host, such as a dog. Within the sandfly, these forms differentiate into motile, flagellated promastigotes. During a subsequent blood meal, promastigotes are injected into the human host, where they...

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin Diseases and Disorders

Skin is the first line of defense and encounters a variety of microbes. Some pathogenic strains are often the cause of a broad range of infections of the skin and other body systems. These conditions can affect people of all ages and may have different causes, including genetic factors, infections, autoimmune reactions, environmental factors, and lifestyle choices.
Gram-positive Staphylococcus spp. and Streptococcus spp. are responsible for many of the most common skin infections. However, many...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Expression of Exogenous Cytokine in Patient-derived Xenografts via Injection with a Cytokine-transduced Stromal Cell Line

Expression of Exogenous Cytokine in Patient-derived Xenografts via Injection with a Cytokine-transduced Stromal Cell Line

Published on: May 10, 2017

Diffuse normolipemic plane xanthoma in a child with common variable immunodeficiency.

Stefano Cambiaghi¹, Vinicio Boneschi, Laura Maffeis

¹UO Dermatologia, Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico di Milano, Milano, Italy. stefano.cambiaghi@fastwebnet.it

Pediatric Dermatology

|February 1, 2011

Summary

Diffuse plane xanthoma is very rare in children. This case highlights a potential link between intravenous immunoglobulin treatment and xanthoma development in pediatric patients with common variable immunodeficiency.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Expression of Exogenous Cytokine in Patient-derived Xenografts via Injection with a Cytokine-transduced Stromal Cell Line

Expression of Exogenous Cytokine in Patient-derived Xenografts via Injection with a Cytokine-transduced Stromal Cell Line

Published on: May 10, 2017

Area of Science:

Dermatology
Immunology
Pediatrics

Background:

Diffuse plane xanthoma (DPX) is an exceptionally rare condition in pediatric populations.
The exact cause of DPX is often unknown, though it can be linked to systemic diseases.

Observation:

A case report details a young boy diagnosed with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID).
The patient presented with normal serum lipid levels throughout his condition.

Findings:

The boy developed diffuse plane xanthoma while undergoing treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins (IVIg).
This suggests a potential adverse reaction or association between IVIg therapy and DPX in CVID patients.

Implications:

This case expands the understanding of rare dermatological manifestations in children with immunodeficiencies.
It raises awareness for clinicians regarding potential side effects of IVIg treatment in pediatric CVID patients.
Further research may explore the immunological mechanisms linking IVIg to xanthoma formation.