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Related Concept Videos

Viral Mutations00:36

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material for adaptive...
Influenza01:27

Influenza

Influenza is an acute, highly communicable viral disease that affects the respiratory tract and is responsible for seasonal epidemics worldwide. Influenza A is the most prevalent type associated with widespread outbreaks and is subtyped based on two surface glycoproteins: hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N), as in H1N1. These glycoproteins are essential for viral infectivity, transmission, and immune recognition. Transmission occurs primarily through respiratory droplets and contaminated...
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Evolution of Microbial Genome

Microbial genome evolution is a highly dynamic process shaped by continual gene gain and loss across species and strains. This genomic flexibility allows microorganisms to adapt rapidly to environmental pressures and interactions with other organisms. Central to understanding this diversity is the distinction between the core and pan genomes.The core genome comprises the genes shared by all sampled strains of a species, representing essential functions needed for fundamental cellular processes.
Viral Recombination00:57

Viral Recombination

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Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
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Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...

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Generation of Escape Variants of Neutralizing Influenza Virus Monoclonal Antibodies
07:55

Generation of Escape Variants of Neutralizing Influenza Virus Monoclonal Antibodies

Published on: August 29, 2017

Influenza genome diversity and evolution.

Kun-Nan Tsai1, Guang-Wu Chen

  • 1Research Center for Emerging Viral Infections, Chang Gung University, 259 Wen-Hwa 1st Road, Kwei-Shan, Tao-Yuan, Taiwan 333, Taiwan, ROC.

Microbes and Infection
|February 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Influenza viruses show high genome variability across many hosts. This review covers influenza sequence databases, evolutionary studies, and new deep sequencing techniques for virus research.

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Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Genomics
  • Bioinformatics

Background:

  • Influenza viruses possess highly variable genomes and infect diverse hosts.
  • Extensive influenza sequence data is available from large-scale sequencing projects.
  • Understanding influenza genome diversity and evolution is crucial for public health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review characteristics and statistics of current influenza sequence databases.
  • To summarize recent studies on influenza virus diversity and evolution using these databases.
  • To discuss novel deep sequencing methods and their application in influenza research.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of influenza sequence databases and relevant studies.
  • Analysis of database statistics and characteristics.
  • Overview of deep sequencing technologies and their use in virology.

Main Results:

  • Influenza sequence databases offer rich resources for studying viral evolution.
  • Recent studies have leveraged these databases to reveal significant insights into influenza diversity.
  • Deep sequencing methods are increasingly important for comprehensive influenza virus analysis.

Conclusions:

  • Influenza sequence databases are vital tools for tracking viral evolution.
  • Continued research using these resources, alongside advanced sequencing, will enhance our understanding of influenza.
  • These advancements are key to developing effective strategies against influenza viruses.