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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology01:19

Cushing Syndrome II: Pathophysiology

Cortisol production is normally governed by the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis, which maintains hormonal balance through tightly regulated feedback mechanisms. Disruption of this regulatory system is central to the development of Cushing syndrome, whether the excess cortisol originates from external medications or internal pathology. Persistent cortisol elevation alters metabolism, immune function, and endocrine signaling, producing the characteristic clinical features of the...
Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways01:22

Photoreceptors and Visual Pathways

At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category, whereas...
The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

The Retinoblastoma Gene

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Anterior High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis and Therapeutic Monitoring of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia
06:15

Anterior High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis and Therapeutic Monitoring of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia

Published on: August 9, 2024

Ocular neoplastic disease.

Amit Mahajan1, Alison Crum, Michele H Johnson

  • 1Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Yale New Haven Hospital, New Haven, CT, USA.

Seminars in Ultrasound, CT, and MR
|February 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Ocular neoplasms, including retinoblastoma and uveal melanoma, can cause vision loss. Imaging techniques are crucial for diagnosing and staging these eye cancers, aiding treatment decisions.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Anterior High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis and Therapeutic Monitoring of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia
06:15

Anterior High-Resolution Optical Coherence Tomography in the Diagnosis and Therapeutic Monitoring of Ocular Surface Squamous Neoplasia

Published on: August 9, 2024

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Oncology
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Ocular neoplasms, primary or metastatic, can lead to vision disturbances or loss.
  • Clinical examination may reveal signs like leukocoria or a visible mass.
  • Retinoblastoma in children and uveal melanoma/metastases in adults are key malignant ocular neoplasms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the importance of imaging in diagnosing and staging ocular neoplasms.
  • To familiarize readers with common imaging appearances and patterns of spread.
  • To emphasize findings critical for ocular oncologists.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical ophthalmologic examination findings.
  • Discussion of various imaging modalities: B-scan and A-scan ultrasound, fluorescein angiography, CT, and MRI.
  • Correlation of imaging findings with diagnosis and staging.

Main Results:

  • Ocular tumors can be asymptomatic or present with visual symptoms.
  • Imaging plays a complementary role alongside clinical examination.
  • Specific imaging findings are crucial for accurate diagnosis and staging.

Conclusions:

  • Accurate interpretation of imaging is vital for effective ocular tumor management.
  • Familiarity with imaging characteristics enhances diagnostic accuracy.
  • Multimodal imaging approaches aid in staging and treatment assessment for ocular cancers.