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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns—non-coding regions of a gene—or intergenic regions—stretches of DNA present between genes. Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA ends...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
RNA Interference01:23

RNA Interference

RNA interference (RNAi) is a process in which a small non-coding RNA molecule blocks the post-transcriptional expression of a gene by binding to its messenger RNA (mRNA) and preventing the protein from being translated.
This process occurs naturally in cells, often through the activity of genomically-encoded microRNAs. Researchers can take advantage of this mechanism by introducing synthetic RNAs to deactivate specific genes for research or therapeutic purposes. For example, RNAi could be used...
siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs02:30

siRNA - Small Interfering RNAs

Small interfering RNAs, or siRNAs, are short regulatory RNA molecules that can silence genes post-transcriptionally, as well as the transcriptional level in some cases. siRNAs are important for protecting cells against viral infections and silencing transposable genetic elements.
In the cytoplasm, siRNA is processed from a double-stranded RNA, which comes from either endogenous DNA transcription or exogenous sources like a virus. This double-stranded RNA is then cleaved by the ATP-dependent...

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Updated: Jun 4, 2026

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism
09:05

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism

Published on: February 6, 2017

Virus-encoded microRNAs.

Adam Grundhoff1, Christopher S Sullivan

  • 1Heinrich-Pette-Institute, Leibniz Institute for Experimental Virology, Martinistr, Hamburg, Germany. adam.grundhoff@hpi.uni-hamburg.de

Virology
|February 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Viral microRNAs (miRNAs) regulate gene expression, evade host defenses, and maintain persistent infections. Further research is needed to understand their distinct targeting strategies compared to host miRNAs.

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

MicroRNA-based Regulation of Picornavirus Tropism
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Area of Science:

  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs regulating cellular processes like immunity and apoptosis.
  • Viruses encode miRNAs, influencing the viral infectious cycle, but their functions are largely uncharacterized.
  • Over 225 viral miRNAs have been identified, yet in-depth functional understanding remains limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the functions of well-characterized viral miRNAs.
  • To extrapolate general themes of viral miRNA activities.
  • To hypothesize distinct target strategies for viral miRNAs compared to host miRNAs.

Main Methods:

  • Focus on specific viral miRNAs with defined functions.
  • Extrapolation of general themes from selected examples.
  • Hypothesizing distinct viral miRNA targeting mechanisms.

Main Results:

  • Viral miRNAs autoregulate viral gene expression.
  • Viral miRNAs contribute to evading host defenses.
  • Viral miRNAs play a role in latent and persistent infections.
  • Viral miRNAs may target viral transcripts or specific host genes.

Conclusions:

  • Viral miRNAs exhibit unique regulatory roles distinct from host miRNAs.
  • Further functional studies using viral miRNA mutants and infection models are crucial.
  • Understanding viral miRNA mechanisms is key to addressing viral persistence and pathogenesis.