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Related Concept Videos

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling01:31

Osteoclasts in Bone Remodeling

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
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Cells of the Innate Immune Response

The innate immune response is an immediate and non-specific response against pathogens, acting swiftly to prevent the spread of infections. The primary cells involved in this response are phagocytes and natural killer (NK) cells.
Phagocytes
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Bone Cells and Tissue01:30

Bone Cells and Tissue

Bones contain a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of organic and inorganic components. Although bone cells compose only a small amount of the bone volume, they are crucial to its function. Four types of cells are found within the bone tissue— osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteogenic cells, and osteoclasts.
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The osteoblast is the bone cell responsible for forming new bone tissue. It is found in the growing portions of bone, including the periosteum and...
Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes01:25

Immune Surveillance by NK Cells and Phagocytes

Immune surveillance is an integral part of the innate immune system, involving the continuous monitoring of peripheral tissues to detect and respond to pathogens, infected cells, or cancerous cells. This surveillance is conducted primarily by natural killer (NK) cells and phagocytes, which employ distinct but complementary mechanisms to identify and eliminate threats.
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NK cells are large granular lymphocytes found in the blood and lymphatic system. These...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
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Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

A Simple Pit Assay Protocol to Visualize and Quantify Osteoclastic Resorption In Vitro
07:03

A Simple Pit Assay Protocol to Visualize and Quantify Osteoclastic Resorption In Vitro

Published on: June 16, 2022

Activated invariant NKT cells regulate osteoclast development and function.

Ming Hu1, J H Duncan Bassett, Lynett Danks

  • 1Center for Hematology, Hammersmith Hospital, Imperial College London, London W12 0NN, United Kingdom.

Journal of Immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950)
|February 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells regulate myeloid cell egress and osteoclast development. This study reveals iNKT cell activation enhances osteoclast precursor development and bone remodeling functions.

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Differentiation of Functional Osteoclasts from Human Peripheral Blood CD14+ Monocytes
11:52

Differentiation of Functional Osteoclasts from Human Peripheral Blood CD14+ Monocytes

Published on: January 27, 2023

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

A Simple Pit Assay Protocol to Visualize and Quantify Osteoclastic Resorption In Vitro
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Published on: June 16, 2022

Differentiation of Functional Osteoclasts from Human Peripheral Blood CD14+ Monocytes
11:52

Differentiation of Functional Osteoclasts from Human Peripheral Blood CD14+ Monocytes

Published on: January 27, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Bone Biology

Background:

  • Invariant natural killer T (iNKT) cells are crucial immune regulators.
  • Myeloid progenitors give rise to both immune cells and osteoclasts (OCs).
  • Osteoclasts are key in bone remodeling and hematopoietic progenitor egress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the role of iNKT cells in osteoclast development and function.
  • To determine if iNKT cells extend their myeloid regulatory role to osteoclastogenesis.
  • To explore the link between iNKT cell activation and myeloid cell egress.

Main Methods:

  • Selective activation of iNKT cells using α-galactosylceramide.
  • Analysis of myeloid cell egress and osteoclast progenitor/precursor development.
  • Assessment of mature osteoclast kinetics and resorptive activity.
  • Investigation of cytokine regulation (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-4, IL-17) of osteoclast progenitor activity.

Main Results:

  • iNKT cell activation induced myeloid cell egress.
  • Enhanced development of osteoclast progenitors and precursors was observed.
  • Modulation of mature osteoclast intramedullary kinetics and increased resorptive activity.
  • Osteoclast progenitor activity was positively regulated by TNF-α and negatively by IFN-γ, independent of IL-4 and IL-17.

Conclusions:

  • Invariant NKT cells play a novel role in regulating osteoclastogenesis.
  • iNKT cell activation couples osteoclast development with myeloid cell egress.
  • This highlights a new mechanism linking immune activation to bone remodeling processes.