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Frontal lobe
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Left inferior frontal cortex and syntax: function, structure and behaviour in patients with left hemisphere damage.

Lorraine K Tyler1, William D Marslen-Wilson, Billi Randall

  • 1Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK. lktyler@csl.psychol.cam.ac.uk

Brain : a Journal of Neurology
|February 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary

The left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) is crucial for syntactic processing, working with the posterior middle temporal gyrus. Damage to this network impairs language comprehension and syntactic analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Cognitive Neurology

Background:

  • The role of specific brain regions in language, particularly the left inferior frontal gyrus (LIFG) in syntactic processing, has been debated for over 150 years.
  • Understanding the neural basis of syntactic processing is key to explaining language function and deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether the LIFG is essential for syntactic processing.
  • To determine the functional relationship between the LIFG and other language-related brain regions.

Main Methods:

  • Combined functional neuroimaging, grey matter integrity assessment, and behavioral testing in patients with left hemisphere damage and healthy controls.
  • Participants listened to syntactically ambiguous and unambiguous sentences.
  • Voxel-based correlational analyses were used to link neural integrity and activity to syntactic performance.

Main Results:

  • Syntactic processing in controls involved co-activation of the LIFG (Brodmann areas 45/47) and the posterior middle temporal gyrus.
  • In patients with left hemisphere damage, tissue integrity and neural activity in the LIFG (specifically Brodmann area 45) and posterior middle temporal gyrus correlated with preserved syntactic performance.
  • Patients showed deficits in syntactic processing, being insensitive to syntactic preferences, unlike controls.

Conclusions:

  • The LIFG makes an essential contribution to syntactic analysis.
  • A functional relationship exists between the LIFG (Brodmann area 45) and the left posterior middle temporal gyrus, crucial for syntactic processing.
  • Impairment in syntactic processing occurs when this network, including the LIFG, is damaged.