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The effect of presentation level on memory performance.

Antje Heinrich1, Bruce A Schneider

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Toronto at Mississauga, Mississauga, Ontario, Canada. antje.heinrich@ihr.mrc.ac.uk

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

High presentation levels of distorted speech impair memory in older adults, and can affect younger adults at even higher levels. Sound level choice is critical for cognitive performance, especially in older listeners.

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Area of Science:

  • Auditory Perception
  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Rollover, a loss of speech intelligibility at high presentation levels, is more common in older adults.
  • The impact of high sound levels on cognitive processes beyond speech intelligibility, such as memory, remains largely unexplored.
  • Previous research indicated memory impairment in older adults with acoustically distorted words at 50 dB SL.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if high presentation levels, near the rollover point, impair memory in older adults.
  • To determine if younger adults exhibit similar memory impairments at higher presentation levels.
  • To examine the relationship between sound presentation level, speech intelligibility, and memory performance across age groups.

Main Methods:

  • A paired-associate memory paradigm was employed with acoustically distorted words.
  • Presentation levels included 40 dB SL for all, and a higher level for younger listeners only.
  • Intelligibility was equated across age groups and presentation levels; memory performance was compared to a baseline and a previous study.

Main Results:

  • Older adults showed decreased memory performance for distorted words at 50 dB SL compared to lower levels and a baseline.
  • Younger adults did not exhibit memory impairment at 50 dB SL.
  • Younger adults demonstrated a similar memory decrease as older adults when tested at a very high presentation level.

Conclusions:

  • High presentation levels of distorted speech can negatively impact memory, even when intelligibility is matched.
  • Older listeners are more susceptible to these memory effects at lower presentation levels.
  • Optimizing sound levels is crucial for cognitive function in older adults, as higher levels do not always ensure better performance.