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Related Concept Videos

Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors01:22

Antiviral Nucleoside Inhibitors

Antiviral Nucleoside InhibitorsAntiviral nucleoside inhibitors are structural analogs of natural nucleosides that interfere with viral DNA or RNA synthesis. These compounds selectively target viral polymerases due to their resemblance to host nucleosides, thereby disrupting viral genome replication.Mechanism of Acyclovir ActionAcyclovir is a guanosine analog with a three-carbon acyclic side chain. It selectively targets herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2),...
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
Viruses with RNA Genomes01:29

Viruses with RNA Genomes

RNA viruses are categorized into positive-strand, negative-strand, or double-stranded groups based on their genomic structure and replication mechanisms. This classification dictates how they exploit host cellular machinery for protein synthesis and replication. Some RNA viruses also utilize reverse transcription as part of their life cycle, further diversifying their replication strategies.Positive-Strand RNA VirusesPositive-strand RNA viruses have genomes that function directly as messenger...
Size and Structure of Viral Genomes01:26

Size and Structure of Viral Genomes

Viral genomes exhibit remarkable diversity in size, structure, and composition, influencing their replication strategies and interactions with host cells. These genomes consist of either DNA or RNA and may be linear or circular. Additionally, they can be single-stranded or double-stranded, with each configuration affecting how the virus propagates within a host. RNA viruses, for instance, generally have smaller genomes than DNA viruses, a factor that contributes to their high mutation rates and...
Subviral Agents01:29

Subviral Agents

Subviral agents are infectious entities that resemble viruses but lack one or more viral components, such as a capsid or essential replication machinery. These agents include viroids, prions, and satellites, each possessing distinct structural and functional characteristics that influence their mode of infection and replication.Viroids are the simplest subviral agents, consisting of circular, single-stranded RNA molecules without a protein coat. They exclusively infect plants, relying entirely...
Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly01:19

Inhibitors of Virion Maturation and Assembly

As part of their replication cycle, certain viruses synthesize long precursor proteins called polyproteins within infected host cells. In human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), two major polyproteins are produced: Gag and Gag-Pol. The Gag polyprotein supplies the structural components of the virus, while Gag-Pol includes essential viral enzymes such as reverse transcriptase, integrase, and protease. After synthesis, these polyproteins move to the host cell membrane, where they assemble into an...

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Updated: Jun 4, 2026

High-throughput Screening for Broad-spectrum Chemical Inhibitors of RNA Viruses
11:34

High-throughput Screening for Broad-spectrum Chemical Inhibitors of RNA Viruses

Published on: May 5, 2014

Oligomeric nucleic acids as antivirals.

Alessandra Mescalchin1, Tobias Restle

  • 1Institute of Molecular Medicine, University of Lübeck, Center for Structural and Cell Biology in Medicine (CSCM), Ratzeburger Allee 160, D-23538 Lübeck, Germany.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)
|February 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Synthetic nucleic acid-based antivirals, including aptamers and RNA interference tools, show great promise for treating viral infections. This review explores their mechanisms, benefits, drawbacks, and future potential in antiviral therapy.

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

High-throughput Screening for Broad-spectrum Chemical Inhibitors of RNA Viruses
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Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids
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Sequence-specific and Selective Recognition of Double-stranded RNAs over Single-stranded RNAs by Chemically Modified Peptide Nucleic Acids

Published on: September 21, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Nucleic acids possess unique chemical properties enabling novel therapeutic applications.
  • Synthetic nucleic acid-based tools have advanced biological research and disease treatment.
  • Antiviral therapies can benefit from the versatility and potency of nucleic acid-based drugs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review different types of nucleic acid-based antiviral agents.
  • To elucidate their mechanisms of action, advantages, and limitations.
  • To discuss future prospects of these antivirals.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of synthetic nucleic acid-based antivirals.
  • Analysis of mechanisms of action for various nucleic acid-based drugs.
  • Evaluation of clinical trial data and research findings.

Main Results:

  • A range of synthetic nucleic acid-based tools (e.g., antisense oligonucleotides, RNA interference, aptamers) are available.
  • These agents have shown success in understanding biological processes and treating diseases.
  • Their application in combating viral infections is a significant area of development.

Conclusions:

  • Nucleic acid-based antivirals offer a potent and versatile therapeutic strategy.
  • Further research is needed to overcome limitations and optimize their clinical use.
  • These agents hold significant promise for future antiviral treatments.