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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
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Hyperthyroidism is a hypermetabolic state caused by elevated levels of thyroid hormones, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4). It results from dysregulation at the thyroid, pituitary, or immune system level and affects multiple organ systems.PathophysiologyThe most common cause of hyperthyroidism is Graves’ disease, an autoimmune disorder in which antibodies, specifically thyroid-stimulating antibodies (TSAb), a subtype of TSH receptor antibodies (TRAb), bind to and activate TSH receptors...
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Hypothyroidism is a disorder characterized by insufficient production of thyroid hormones, which regulate metabolism, energy balance, and multiple organ systems.TypesHypothyroidism is classified based on the level of dysfunction. Primary hypothyroidism results from intrinsic thyroid gland dysfunction, causing reduced hormone production despite normal or increased stimulation. Secondary hypothyroidism arises from inadequate thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) secretion by the pituitary. Tertiary...
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The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
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Related Experiment Video

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Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model
04:39

Generation of a Mouse Spontaneous Autoimmune Thyroiditis Model

Published on: March 17, 2023

Vitamin D and autoimmune thyroid diseases.

Shaye Kivity1, Nancy Agmon-Levin, Michael Zisappl

  • 1The Zabludovicz Center for Autoimmune Diseases, Sheba Medical Center, Tel-Hashomer, affiliated to Sackler Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel.

Cellular & Molecular Immunology
|February 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Vitamin D deficiency is significantly more prevalent in patients with autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs). Low vitamin D levels correlate with antithyroid antibodies and abnormal thyroid function, suggesting a role in AITD development.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Nutritional Science

Background:

  • Vitamin D acts as an immune modulator, and its deficiency is linked to autoimmune diseases.
  • While Vitamin D Receptor (VDR) gene polymorphism is associated with autoimmune thyroid diseases (AITDs), vitamin D levels in these patients remain unclear.
  • Previous studies on vitamin D levels in AITD patients yielded conflicting results.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare serum vitamin D levels in patients with AITDs, non-AITDs, and healthy controls.
  • To determine the correlation between vitamin D levels and the presence of antithyroid antibodies and thyroid function in AITD patients.

Main Methods:

  • Serum 25-OH vitamin D levels were measured using a chemiluminescence immunoassay in 50 AITD patients, 42 non-AITD patients, and 98 healthy controls.
  • Vitamin D deficiency was defined as levels below 10 ng/ml.
  • Antithyroid antibodies, thyroid function tests, and demographic data were assessed.

Main Results:

  • Vitamin D deficiency was significantly higher in AITD patients (72%) compared to healthy controls (30.6%; P<0.001).
  • Patients with Hashimoto's thyroiditis showed a higher prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (79%) than non-AITD patients (52%; P<0.05).
  • Vitamin D deficiency correlated with the presence of antithyroid antibodies (P=0.01) and abnormal thyroid function tests (P=0.059).

Conclusions:

  • Patients with AITDs exhibit significantly lower vitamin D levels, associated with the presence of antithyroid antibodies and impaired thyroid function.
  • These findings suggest vitamin D's involvement in the pathogenesis of AITDs.
  • Vitamin D supplementation may be advisable for individuals with AITDs.