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Flow Cytometry

Flow Cytometry

The development of flow cytometry techniques began in 1934 with initial attempts by Andrew Moldavan, a bacteriologist who counted the cells in a flowing capillary system. Moldavan pumped cells through a capillary tube focused under a microscope for visualization. The invention of photometry allowed the measurement of differentially-stained cells, and Louis Kamentsky developed the first multiparameter flow cytometer in 1965 to identify and count the cancer cells in cervical tissue specimens.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Microfluidic Imaging Flow Cytometry by Asymmetric-detection Time-stretch Optical Microscopy (ATOM)

Microfluidic Imaging Flow Cytometry by Asymmetric-detection Time-stretch Optical Microscopy (ATOM)

Published on: June 28, 2017

Hydrodynamic optical alignment for microflow cytometry.

Matthew J Kennedy¹, Scott J Stelick, Lavanya G Sayam

¹Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA.

|February 1, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study presents a microfluidic flow cytometer for efficient microparticle detection. The device achieves high counting efficiency and linear response, offering a promising tool for particle analysis.

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Area of Science:

Microfluidics
Optical Engineering
Biotechnology

Background:

Flow cytometry is a crucial technique for analyzing microparticles.
Existing flow cytometers can be bulky and expensive.
There is a need for miniaturized and efficient microparticle detection systems.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop and characterize a microfabricated flow cytometer for high-efficiency microparticle detection.
To integrate optical fiber detection with hydrodynamic focusing in a microfluidic device.
To evaluate the device's performance in counting fluorescent microparticles.

Main Methods:

Fabrication of a polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) microfluidic chip with 125 µm x 125 µm cross-sectional dimensions.
Utilizing hydrodynamic focusing to control the particle stream relative to an optical fiber detection system.
Employing adjustable flow rates to manipulate the particle stream's position and dimensions.
Counting fluorescent microparticles in aqueous suspension and assessing fluorescence intensity response.

Main Results:

Achieved an absolute counting efficiency of 91±4% for fluorescent microparticles.
Demonstrated a coefficient of variation of 15% for fluorescence pulse-heights of far-red fluorescent microparticles.
Exhibited a linear response to fluorescence intensity, validated against a commercial flow cytometer.

Conclusions:

The developed microfluidic flow cytometer effectively detects microparticles with high accuracy and efficiency.
Integrated hydrodynamic focusing and optical fiber detection enable precise control and measurement of microparticle streams.
This miniaturized device shows potential for advanced applications in particle analysis and diagnostics.