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Related Concept Videos

Proteomics01:33

Proteomics

A proteome is the entire set of proteins that a cell type produces. We can study proteomes using the knowledge of genomes because genes code for mRNAs, and the mRNAs encode proteins. Although mRNA analysis is a step in the right direction, not all mRNAs are translated into proteins.
Proteomics is the study of proteomes' function. It involves the large-scale systematic study of the proteome to denote the protein complement expressed by a genome. Scientist Mark Wilkins coined the term proteomics...
Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts01:57

Protein Complexes with Interchangeable Parts

Groups of proteins may form a complex where each protein in this complex has a different role in the overall execution of the complex’s function. Often some of the proteins in the complex can be replaced by a closely related variant to give a complex that contains many of the same components yet is functionally distinct.
The SCF ubiquitin ligase is a protein complex of five individual proteins. This complex attaches ubiquitin to other target proteins to mark them for degradation. In order to...
Subcellular Fractionation01:32

Subcellular Fractionation

The homogenate obtained after cell lysis contains various membrane-bound organelles that can be further separated into pure fractions by subcellular fractionation. These isolates are used to study specific cellular components, analyze localized protein activity, and are even employed in diagnostics. Fractionation is typically achieved using centrifugation methods, the most common being density-gradient and differential centrifugation.
Differential Centrifugation
Differential centrifugation is...
Structural Protein Function01:56

Structural Protein Function

Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity.  In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to form...
Structural Protein Function01:56

Structural Protein Function

Structural proteins are a category of proteins responsible for functions ranging from cell shape and movement to providing support to major structures such as bones, cartilage, hair, and muscles. This group includes proteins such as collagen, actin, myosin, and keratin.
Collagen, the most abundant protein in mammals, is found throughout the body. In connective tissue, such as skin, ligaments, and tendons, it provides tensile strength and elasticity.  In bones and teeth, it mineralizes to form...
Structure of Porins01:21

Structure of Porins

Mitochondria, chloroplasts, and gram-negative bacteria have transmembrane, beta-barrel proteins called porins to mediate the free diffusion of ions and metabolites across the membrane. Mitochondrial porin precursors contain conserved amino acid sequences called beta signals at their C-terminal. Beta signals have a  motif of PoXGXXHyXHy (Po-Polar, X-Any amino acid, G-Glycine, Hy-LargeHydrophobic), which are crucial for precursor recognition to initiate precursor assembly. Beta-barrel precursors...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

A New Approach for the Comparative Analysis of Multiprotein Complexes Based on 15N Metabolic Labeling and Quantitative Mass Spectrometry
08:04

A New Approach for the Comparative Analysis of Multiprotein Complexes Based on 15N Metabolic Labeling and Quantitative Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 13, 2014

Comparative analysis of carboxysome shell proteins.

James N Kinney1, Seth D Axen, Cheryl A Kerfeld

  • 1Department of Energy, Joint Genome Institute, Walnut Creek, CA 94598, USA.

Photosynthesis Research
|February 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Carboxysomes, protein shells crucial for carbon dioxide fixation in bacteria, are built from specific shell proteins. Understanding their structure could enhance CO2 fixation in other organisms.

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Structural Biology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • Carboxysomes are essential metabolic organelles in cyanobacteria and chemoautotrophic bacteria.
  • They contain enzymes for carbon dioxide (CO2) fixation, including ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO).
  • The carboxysome is enclosed by a protein shell that regulates metabolite transport.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and analyze the structural features of carboxysome shell proteins.
  • To highlight the role of protein structure in carboxysome form and function.
  • To explore potential applications in enhancing CO2 fixation and creating novel nanostructures.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic analyses of shell protein sequences.
  • Structural analyses of protein domains and quaternary structures.

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Analyzing Large Protein Complexes by Structural Mass Spectrometry
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Analyzing Large Protein Complexes by Structural Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 19, 2010

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

A New Approach for the Comparative Analysis of Multiprotein Complexes Based on 15N Metabolic Labeling and Quantitative Mass Spectrometry
08:04

A New Approach for the Comparative Analysis of Multiprotein Complexes Based on 15N Metabolic Labeling and Quantitative Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 13, 2014

High-Resolution Complexome Profiling by Cryoslicing BN-MS Analysis
09:33

High-Resolution Complexome Profiling by Cryoslicing BN-MS Analysis

Published on: October 15, 2019

Analyzing Large Protein Complexes by Structural Mass Spectrometry
15:35

Analyzing Large Protein Complexes by Structural Mass Spectrometry

Published on: June 19, 2010

  • Review of existing literature on carboxysome assembly and function.

    • Main Results:

    • Carboxysome shells are composed of two main protein types with distinct domain classes (BMC and CcmL/EutN).
    • These proteins form hexamers and pentamers, respectively, contributing to the icosahedral structure.
    • The shell structure facilitates metabolite flux through specific pores.

    Conclusions:

    • The structure of carboxysome shell proteins is critical for their function in CO2 fixation.
    • Understanding these molecular building blocks offers potential for bioengineering CO2 fixation pathways.
    • This knowledge may enable the design of novel biological nanostructures for various applications.