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Related Concept Videos

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis II

Tuberculosis, or TB, is a bacterial infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While its primary impact is on the lungs, leading to pulmonary tuberculosis, it can also affect various other organs, a condition referred to as extrapulmonary tuberculosis.
Here is a detailed explanation of its pathophysiology:
Transmission: The process begins when a person inhales droplet nuclei containing M. tuberculosis. These are typically released into the air when an individual with pulmonary or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis V01:28

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis III01:31

Pulmonary Tuberculosis III

Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Tuberculosis01:23

Tuberculosis

Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health concern, primarily targeting the lungs and spreading through airborne transmission. Infection begins when aerosolized droplet nuclei, expelled by an individual with active TB, are inhaled by another person. These microscopic particles carry Mycobacterium tuberculosis, the causative agent of TB. Upon reaching the alveoli, the bacilli are engulfed by alveolar macrophages. However, due to their specialized lipid-rich cell wall, these pathogens...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates
10:04

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates

Published on: September 5, 2017

Extra pulmonary tuberculosis in children: two years study.

Nooshin Baghaie1, Soheila Khalilzade, Mohammad Reza Boloursaz

  • 1Pediatric Respiratory Diseases Research Center, National Research Center of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Masih Daneshvari Hospital, Shaheed Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

Acta Medica Iranica
|February 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Extra pulmonary tuberculosis in children is common, often presenting as TB lymphadenitis. This study highlights the diverse clinical and paraclinical features of extrapulmonary TB in pediatric patients with pulmonary TB.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates
10:04

Analysis of 18FDG PET/CT Imaging as a Tool for Studying Mycobacterium tuberculosis Infection and Treatment in Non-human Primates

Published on: September 5, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pulmonology

Background:

  • Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant global health challenge, particularly in developing nations.
  • Clinical presentations of TB vary widely based on the affected organs and systems.
  • Extra pulmonary tuberculosis (EPTB) in children, especially those with concurrent pulmonary TB, requires thorough investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the clinical and paraclinical spectrum of EPTB in children diagnosed with pulmonary TB.
  • To identify common sites of EPTB involvement and associated diagnostic findings in pediatric TB patients.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective study of 65 pediatric TB patients admitted to the National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (2004-2006).
  • Data collection included patient history, clinical manifestations, radiological findings, tuberculin tests, and bacteriological/pathological results.
  • Specific investigations like ADA, PCR, and HIV tests were utilized for EPTB cases.

Main Results:

  • Out of 65 children, 14 (21.5%) had EPTB. The mean age was 8.75 years, with a slight female predominance.
  • The most common EPTB site was cervical lymphadenitis (5 cases), followed by osteoarticular (3), peritonitis (2), and disseminated TB (2).
  • Concomitant pulmonary and EPTB occurred in 4 cases. TB lymphadenitis was the most frequent presentation.

Conclusions:

  • Approximately 20% of pediatric TB cases exhibit extra pulmonary involvement, aligning with existing literature.
  • TB lymphadenitis is the predominant form of EPTB in children with pulmonary TB.
  • Comprehensive diagnostic workup is crucial for identifying and managing EPTB in pediatric patients.