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Related Concept Videos

Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings01:11

Deformation of Member under Multiple Loadings

When a rod is made of different materials or has various cross-sections, it must be divided into parts that meet the necessary conditions for determining the deformation. These parts are each characterized by their internal force, cross-sectional area, length, and modulus of elasticity. These parameters are then used to compute the deformation of the entire rod.
In the case of a member with a variable cross-section, the strain is not constant but depends on the position. The deformation of an...
Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity01:15

Relation between Poisson's ratio, Modulus of Elasticity and Modulus of Rigidity

Deformation occurs in axial and transverse directions when an axial load is applied to a slender bar. This deformation impacts the cubic element within the bar, transforming it into either a rectangular parallelepiped or a rhombus, contingent on its orientation. This transformation process induces shearing strain. Axial loading elicits both shearing and normal strains. Applying an axial load instigates equal normal and shearing stresses on elements oriented at a 45° angle to the load axis.
Plastic Deformations01:14

Plastic Deformations

It is essential to understand how structural members behave under plastic deformation when the bending stress exceeds the material's yield strength. This state of deformation permanently alters the shape of the member, in contrast to the linear elastic behavior observed before yielding. The strain at any point in the member is expressed in terms of maximum strain. Notably, the neutral axis, which coincides with the centroid during elastic bending, shifts away from the centroid under plastic...
Plastic Deformations01:19

Plastic Deformations

Plastic deformation represents a fundamental concept in materials science, which explains the irreversible change in the shape of a material when it experiences stress beyond its elastic capability. This phenomenon is important in structural engineering, especially in designing and analyzing cantilever beams—structures that are securely fixed at one end and bear loads at the opposite end. When these beams are subjected to loads within their elastic range, they will return to their original...
Temperature Dependent Deformation01:12

Temperature Dependent Deformation

In a nonhomogeneous rod made up of steel and brass, restrained at both ends and subjected to a temperature change, several steps are involved in calculating the stress and compressive load. Due to the problem's static indeterminacy, one end support is disconnected, allowing the rod to experience the temperature change freely. Next, an unknown force is applied at the free end, triggering deformations in the rod's steel and brass portions. These deformations are then calculated and added together...
Normal Strain under Axial Loading01:20

Normal Strain under Axial Loading

Normal strain under axial loading is an important concept in the field of mechanics of materials. Axial loading implies the application of a force along the axis of a material, like a column or bar. This force can either compress or stretch the material. In the context of axial loading, normal strain is the deformation experienced by the material in the direction of the loading force. It's calculated as the change in length divided by the original length of the material. This unitless ratio...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Analyzing and Building Nucleic Acid Structures with 3DNA
16:24

Analyzing and Building Nucleic Acid Structures with 3DNA

Published on: April 26, 2013

Nucleic-acid structural deformability deduced from anisotropic displacement parameters.

Heather E Peckham1, Wilma K Olson

  • 1Wright-Riemann Laboratories, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, BioMaPS Institute for Quantitative Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA.

Biopolymers
|February 1, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study introduces a novel Monte Carlo method to analyze DNA and RNA motions using crystal structure data. The approach reveals how proteins like endonuclease VIII alter DNA flexibility and nucleotide movement during enzymatic action.

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Optical Tweezers to Study RNA-Protein Interactions in Translation Regulation
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Optical Tweezers to Study RNA-Protein Interactions in Translation Regulation

Published on: February 12, 2022

Area of Science:

  • Structural Biology
  • Biophysics
  • Computational Biology

Background:

  • High-resolution nucleic acid crystal structures offer insights into DNA and RNA dynamics.
  • Anisotropic displacement parameters (ADPs) provide detailed information on atomic motion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a new Monte Carlo method for analyzing nucleic acid motions from crystal structures.
  • To extract intrinsic distortions in covalent structure, base pairing, and dinucleotide geometry.
  • To investigate the deformability of various DNA and RNA structures.

Main Methods:

  • A novel Monte Carlo approach utilizing anisotropic displacement parameters from crystal structures.
  • Development of methods to validate ADP parameters and assess structural deformability.
  • Analysis of diverse nucleic acid forms including DNA duplexes (A, B, Z), RNA, and complexes.

Main Results:

  • Rigid-body parameters of base positions align with those considering atomic motion.
  • Intrinsic base-pair fluctuations within a single structure differ from ensemble-derived values.
  • Selected base-pair steps exhibit conformational changes consistent with ensemble data.

Conclusions:

  • The Monte Carlo method provides new molecular insights into nucleic acid dynamics.
  • Protein binding, such as by Escherichia coli endonuclease VIII, can stiffen DNA and decouple nucleotide motions.
  • These findings suggest mechanisms for protein-directed enzymatic action on DNA.