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Related Concept Videos

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated01:30

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Stimuli-Activated

Stimuli-activated drug delivery systems are designed to release drugs in response to specific physical, chemical, or biological stimuli. These systems often utilize hydrogels—three-dimensional, hydrophilic polymer networks capable of swelling in aqueous environments and retaining significant fluid volumes. Upon exposure to particular stimuli, these hydrogels undergo structural transitions that allow the embedded drug to be released. Due to this adaptive behavior, such systems are also called...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II01:19

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed II

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification01:23

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Classification

Modified-release drug delivery systems improve drug efficacy and minimize side effects by controlling the rate and location of drug release. These systems fall into three categories: rate-programmed, stimuli-activated, and site-targeted.Rate-programmed systems release drugs at a predetermined rate, maintaining consistent therapeutic levels and reducing fluctuations that could lead to toxicity or subtherapeutic effects. These systems use polymeric matrices, reservoir-based designs, or osmotic...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I01:22

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Rate-Programmed I

Rate-programmed drug delivery systems (DDS) are designed to release drugs at specific, controlled rates to maintain consistent therapeutic levels. These systems are categorized based on their release mechanisms, including dissolution-controlled DDS, diffusion-controlled DDS, and combined dissolution-diffusion-controlled DDS.In dissolution-controlled DDS, the release rate depends on the slow dissolution of the drug itself or the surrounding matrix. Drugs with inherently slow dissolution rates,...
Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems01:18

Transdermal Drug Delivery Systems

Transdermal drug delivery systems (TDDS) enable the controlled release of drugs across the skin into systemic circulation. They are particularly advantageous for drugs with short half-lives or narrow therapeutic indices, as they maintain consistent plasma concentrations and reduce the risk of subtherapeutic or toxic levels.TDDS are categorized into monolithic, reservoir, and mixed systems. Monolithic systems embed the drug in a polymer matrix, where diffusion governs release. Reservoir systems...
Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted01:24

Modified-Release Drug Delivery Systems: Site-Targeted

Site-targeted drug delivery systems enhance therapeutic efficacy while minimizing systemic toxicity and treatment costs. Unlike conventional methods, these systems ensure precise drug delivery, improving bioavailability and reducing side effects. Targeted drug delivery is classified into three levels. First-order targeting directs drugs to the capillary beds of specific organs or tissues. Second-order targets specific cell types, such as tumor cells, using receptor-mediated interactions.

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Alternating Magnetic Field-Responsive Hybrid Gelatin Microgels for Controlled Drug Release
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Electrically actuatable smart nanoporous membrane for pulsatile drug release.

Gumhye Jeon1, Seung Yun Yang, Jinseok Byun

  • 1National Creative Research Initiative Center for Block Copolymer Self-Assembly, Department of Chemical Engineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology , Kyungbuk 790-784, Korea.

Nano Letters
|February 2, 2011
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Researchers developed an electrically responsive nanoporous membrane using polypyrrole (PPy/DBS) for controlled drug delivery. This smart membrane enables fast, on-demand release of therapeutic proteins, showing potential for emergency treatments.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Biomedical Engineering

Background:

  • Developing smart drug delivery systems is crucial for targeted and responsive therapies.
  • Existing systems often lack the speed and precision required for acute conditions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To fabricate an electrically responsive nanoporous membrane for on-demand drug release.
  • To investigate the actuation mechanism and drug release kinetics of the developed membrane.

Main Methods:

  • Electropolymerization of polypyrrole doped with dodecylbenzenesulfonate anion (PPy/DBS) on anodized aluminum oxide.
  • In situ atomic force microscopy and in situ flux measurements to confirm pore size actuation.
  • Demonstration of pulsatile drug release using fluorescently labeled protein.

Main Results:

  • The PPy/DBS membrane exhibited electrically controlled actuation of pore size.
  • Fast switching times (less than 10 seconds) and high drug flux were achieved.
  • Successful pulsatile release of a model protein drug was demonstrated.

Conclusions:

  • The PPy/DBS nanoporous membrane offers a promising platform for acute and on-demand drug delivery.
  • Potential applications include emergency therapies for angina pectoris and migraine, and treatment of hormone-related diseases and metabolic syndrome.