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Related Concept Videos

The Phase Rule01:20

The Phase Rule

The phase rule describes the relationship between the variance (degrees of freedom), the number of components, and the number of phases in a system at equilibrium.Variance is a concept that denotes the number of independent intensive properties (properties are those that do not depend on the amount of material in the system), such as temperature, pressure, and composition, that can be altered without impacting the number of phases in equilibrium.In a single-component system, such as pure water,...
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Separation of Sister Chromatids

At the transition from prophase to metaphase, there is a reduction in cohesion along the chromosomal arms, resulting in the resolution of sister chromatids. However, residual cohesin connections remain to hold the sister chromatids together until the transition from metaphase to anaphase. The residual connection prevents any premature separation of sister chromatids, blocking the risks of aneuploidy within the daughter cells.
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Electrochemical Systems01:24

Electrochemical Systems

Electrochemical systems provide a fascinating insight into the dynamic interplay of charged species within various phases. One notable example is the interaction between a membrane permeable to K⁺ ions but not to Cl⁻ ions, separating an aqueous KCl solution from pure water. As K⁺ ions diffuse through the membrane, they generate net charges on each phase, leading to a potential difference between them.Similarly, when a piece of Zn is immersed in an aqueous ZnSO₄ solution, the Zn metal, composed...
Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems01:28

Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems

Consider a ternary system, which is composed of three components: water (W), ethanoic acid (E), and trichloromethane (T). Here, Ethanoic acid (E) is fully miscible with both water (W) and trichloromethane (T), meaning it can mix entirely with either of them. However, water and trichloromethane have partial miscibility, meaning they can only mix to a certain extent, beyond which two separate phases will form.The phase diagram of a ternary system is represented as an equilateral triangle, where...
A Single-Component System01:24

A Single-Component System

In the field of chemistry, the terms "component" and "phase" hold significant importance. A component refers to a chemically distinct substance in a system that has specific properties. It is chemically homogeneous, meaning it has the same properties throughout. For example, in a mixture of salt and water, both salt and water are considered separate components because they have different chemical properties.On the other hand, a phase is a form of matter that has a consistent chemical...
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Heating a crystalline solid increases the average energy of its atoms, molecules, or ions, and the solid gets hotter. At some point, the added energy becomes large enough to partially overcome the forces holding the molecules or ions of the solid in their fixed positions, and the solid begins the process of transitioning to the liquid state or melting. At this point, the temperature of the solid stops rising, despite the continual input of heat, and it remains constant until all of the solid is...

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Cell Co-culture Patterning Using Aqueous Two-phase Systems
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Published on: March 26, 2013

Control of structure formation in phase-separating systems.

Awaneesh Singh1, A Mukherjee, H M Vermeulen

  • 1School of Physical Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi 110067, India.

The Journal of Chemical Physics
|February 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers explored phase separation in binary mixtures using thermal cycles. Repeated cooling and heating created complex, multi-scale structures, offering insights into material morphology.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Chemical Engineering
  • Physics

Background:

  • Phase separation is crucial in materials science for controlling microstructure.
  • Understanding the dynamics of binary mixtures under thermal cycling is complex.
  • Existing models often simplify the thermal history of materials.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the evolution of phase-separating binary mixtures under alternating cooling and heating cycles.
  • To analyze the formation of multiple length scales in the resulting domain morphology.
  • To provide numerical and analytical insights into this phenomenon in two-dimensional systems.

Main Methods:

  • Subjecting initially homogeneous binary mixtures to rapid quenching below the critical temperature (T(c)).
  • Implementing sudden heating above the critical temperature, creating thermal cycles.
  • Employing numerical simulations and analytical approaches to study structure formation.
  • Analyzing the structure factor to identify multiple peaks indicating multi-scale morphology.

Main Results:

  • Observed the emergence of domain morphology with multiple length scales.
  • Characterized the structure factor by multiple peaks, confirming multi-scale structures.
  • Presented numerical and analytical results for the growth dynamics in 2D systems.
  • Demonstrated that cyclic thermal treatments lead to complex microstructures.

Conclusions:

  • Alternate cooling and heating cycles effectively create multi-scale domain morphology in phase-separating binary mixtures.
  • The study provides a framework for understanding and potentially designing materials with tailored microstructures.
  • The findings are particularly relevant for two-dimensional systems, offering predictive capabilities.