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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Tomography in Virology: 3D Imaging of High-pressure Frozen, Freeze-substituted Samples

Scanning Transmission Electron Microscopy Tomography in Virology: 3D Imaging of High-pressure Frozen, Freeze-substituted Samples

Published on: August 6, 2025

Video-rate tomographic phase microscopy.

Christopher Fang-Yen¹, Wonshik Choi, Yongjin Sung

¹Massachusetts Institute of Technology, G. R. Harrison Spectroscopy Laboratory, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA.

Journal of Biomedical Optics

|February 2, 2011

Summary

This study presents a faster tomographic phase microscope (TPM) capable of 30 frames per second. The enhanced TPM allows real-time monitoring of cell refractive index changes, overcoming previous speed limitations.

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Area of Science:

Biophysics
Optical Imaging
Cell Biology

Background:

Tomographic phase microscopy (TPM) reconstructs 3-D refractive index distributions.
Previous TPM systems were limited to 0.1 fps, hindering dynamic cell studies.

Purpose of the Study:

To develop an accelerated TPM for real-time cellular measurements.
To enable quantitative analysis of rapid refractive index changes in cells.

Main Methods:

Phase images acquired using spatial fringe pattern demodulation.
Diffraction tomography algorithm used for 3-D reconstruction, accounting for diffraction effects.
Achieved a full tomogram acquisition rate of 30 fps.

Main Results:

Demonstrated a 300-fold increase in tomogram acquisition speed compared to previous TPM.
Successfully monitored rapid intracellular refractive index changes in response to stimuli.
Quantified cellular responses to acetic acid exposure and osmotic changes.

Conclusions:

The improved TPM facilitates high-speed, quantitative analysis of cellular dynamics.
This advancement opens new avenues for studying fast biological processes in cells and tissues.