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Related Concept Videos

Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder01:29

Theoretical Approaches to Psychological Disorder

The development of psychological disorders, which are characterized by deviant, maladaptive, and personally distressing behaviors, has been explored through several theoretical approaches.
Biological approach
The biological approach posits that internal, organic factors are the primary causes of such disorders. This perspective emphasizes brain structure and function, genetic predispositions, and neurotransmitter imbalances. For example, schizophrenia has been associated with both genetic...
Cognitive Development During Adolescence01:18

Cognitive Development During Adolescence

During adolescence, individuals experience significant cognitive development that enhances their understanding of others' emotions and thoughts, known as cognitive empathy. This period is marked by an increased ability to adapt to others' perspectives and a more nuanced understanding of others' mental states, a skill that is foundational for social problem-solving and conflict avoidance. The development of cognitive empathy relies heavily on the theory of mind — the recognition that people have...
Conduct Disorder01:28

Conduct Disorder

Conduct disorder is a complex mental health diagnosis characterized by a repetitive and persistent pattern of behavior that violates societal norms, the rights of others, or age-appropriate rules. The diagnostic criteria for conduct disorder require the presence of at least three problematic behaviors within the past 12 months, with at least one occurring in the past six months. These behaviors are grouped into four categories: aggression toward people and animals; destruction of property;...
Self-Report Tests of Personality01:22

Self-Report Tests of Personality

Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
Erikson's Theory on Socioemotional Development during Adolescence01:17

Erikson's Theory on Socioemotional Development during Adolescence

Erik Erikson's fifth stage of psychosocial development, "identity versus role confusion," is crucial during adolescence (ages 12 to 18). In this stage, adolescents face the developmental task of forging a distinct personal identity, a process influenced by social, psychological, and biological changes typical of this period. Adolescents naturally explore different roles, behaviors, and ideologies as they navigate complex questions of self-concept, asking, "Who am I?" and "What is my place in...
Introduction to Psychological Disorders01:19

Introduction to Psychological Disorders

Abnormal behavior, often referred to as mental illness, results from changes in brain function that influence thought patterns, behaviors, and social interactions. Psychologists and psychiatrists typically assess abnormal behavior using three primary criteria: deviance, maladaptation, and personal distress, particularly when these traits persist over long periods.
Deviant Behavior
Deviance in behavior refers to actions or thought patterns that significantly diverge from societal norms or...

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Brain Morphology of Cannabis Users With or Without Psychosis: A Pilot MRI Study
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Comparing factor structures of adolescent psychopathology.

Edelyn Verona1, Shabnam Javdani, Jenessa Sprague

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign, 603 E. Daniel Street, Champaign, IL 61820, USA. everona@illinois.edu

Psychological Assessment
|February 2, 2011
PubMed
Summary

A new study reveals a three-factor model for adolescent psychopathology, identifying Internalizing, Externalizing, and Substance Use as key dimensions underlying youth mental health issues.

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Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
  • Mental Health Research

Background:

  • Adult psychopathology research identifies Internalizing and Externalizing factors.
  • These factors are thought to represent broad vulnerabilities for co-occurring disorders.
  • The role of substance use in youth psychopathology models requires further exploration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the factor structure of adolescent psychopathology.
  • To determine if substance use is a distinct factor in youth mental health.
  • To refine models of youth maladjustment.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 223 youths aged 10-17 from mental health agencies and the community.
  • Utilized factor analysis to test different models of psychopathology.
  • Compared model fit across treatment and community samples.

Main Results:

  • A three-factor model best fit the data for youth psychopathology.
  • The identified factors were Internalizing (depression, anxiety), Externalizing (conduct, attention, defiance issues), and Substance Use (alcohol, cannabis).
  • This model demonstrated robust fit across different adolescent subgroups.

Conclusions:

  • Adolescent psychopathology is best understood through a three-factor structure.
  • Substance use represents a distinct dimension alongside Internalizing and Externalizing factors in youth.
  • Findings have implications for understanding developmental considerations in adolescent mental health.