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Related Concept Videos

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents01:18

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Antimicrobials as Antidiarrheal Agents

Acute diarrhea, a common gastrointestinal disturbance, is characterized by the rapid evacuation of fluid stools, leading to an excessive weight in fluid. This condition typically arises from disorders affecting intestinal water and electrolyte transport. It can be triggered by an increased osmotic load within the intestine, excessive secretion of electrolytes and water, mucosal exudation of protein and fluid, or altered intestinal motility. The primary risks of acute diarrhea are dehydration...
Bacterial Gastroenteritis01:18

Bacterial Gastroenteritis

Bacterial gastroenteritis, characterized by diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and vomiting, is often caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water and is frequently associated with pathogenic Escherichia coli strains. These microbes exploit two principal mechanisms to inflict disease.Shiga toxin–producing E. coli, also referred to as STEC—notably O157:H7—release Shiga toxins that target ribosomes, blocking protein synthesis. The B subunit of the toxin binds the host glycolipid receptor...
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Adsorbents as Antidiarrheal Agents01:20

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Adsorbents as Antidiarrheal Agents

Diarrhea is characterized by the occurrence of frequent, watery bowel movements. Various factors can trigger diarrhea, including viral or bacterial infections, foodborne illnesses, side effects from certain medications, and underlying digestive disorders. If not adequately managed, diarrhea can lead to complications such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and nutrient deficiencies. Severe diarrhea can lead to significant weight loss, malnutrition, and weakened immune function.
Adsorbents...
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Opioids as Antidiarrheal Agents01:17

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Opioids as Antidiarrheal Agents

Diarrhea, a condition marked by frequent loose or watery bowel movements, can be triggered by multiple factors such as viral or bacterial infections, food intolerances, anxiety, medications, and digestive disorders. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and cramping. Severe or prolonged diarrhea can lead to complications like electrolyte imbalances, malnutrition, and dehydration if left untreated.
Opioids, widely used antidiarrheal agents, mitigate diarrhea by slowing down...
Giardiasis01:12

Giardiasis

Giardiasis is a globally prevalent intestinal infection caused by the protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis (also known as G. lamblia or G. intestinalis). This flagellated protozoan is the most frequently identified intestinal parasite in the United States and worldwide. Transmission primarily occurs via the fecal-oral route, with infection arising from ingestion of water or food contaminated with cysts. Individuals in low-resource settings, international travelers, outdoor enthusiasts, daycare...
Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS01:17

Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS

Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
Two specific drugs used in the treatment are alosetron (Lotronex) and eluxadoline (Viberzi). Alosetron, a 5-HT3 antagonist, works by slowing the movement of stools in the gut, reducing bowel...

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Ginger Moxibustion, A Non-pharmacological Treatment, for Diarrhea in Patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
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Published on: December 27, 2024

Diarrhea.

R E Warren

    Canadian Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien
    |February 2, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Diarrhea stems from osmotic, secretory, mucosal, or motility issues, often with multiple causes. Viral gastroenteritis, Clostridium difficile, Campylobacter, and Escherichia coli are key culprits, with specific treatments available for travelers.

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    Published on: December 8, 2014

    Area of Science:

    • Gastroenterology
    • Infectious Diseases
    • Microbiology

    Background:

    • Diarrhea arises from four primary mechanisms: osmotic, secretory, mucosal exudation, and altered motility.
    • Multiple mechanisms frequently coexist in various illnesses causing diarrhea.
    • Recent research highlights rotaviruses and Norwalk viruses as prevalent causes of viral gastroenteritis.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To outline the major mechanisms of diarrhea.
    • To identify common infectious agents responsible for diarrhea.
    • To discuss current treatment strategies for travelers' diarrhea.

    Main Methods:

    • Review of established etiological factors for diarrhea.
    • Identification of key pathogens including viruses, bacteria, and their mechanisms.
    • Analysis of therapeutic options for symptomatic relief and severe cases.

    Main Results:

    • Common causes include viral gastroenteritis (rotaviruses, Norwalk viruses), Clostridium difficile (antibiotic-associated colitis), Campylobacter, and Escherichia coli (travelers' diarrhea).
    • Diphenoxylate, loperamide, and bismuth subsalicylate are effective for most travelers' diarrhea.
    • Trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole is recommended for severe cases.

    Conclusions:

    • Understanding the diverse mechanisms and causative agents of diarrhea is crucial for effective management.
    • Appropriate pharmacotherapy exists for travelers' diarrhea, with antibiotics reserved for severe presentations.
    • Preventive antibiotic use for travelers' diarrhea is discouraged due to rising antibiotic resistance.