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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology01:24

Graves Disease II: Pathophysiology

Graves’ disease is an autoimmune disorder characterized by the production of thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSI) that activate TSH receptors, leading to excessive synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) and resulting in hyperthyroidism.Among all causes of hyperthyroidism, Graves’ disease is the most common and can happen at any age, though it is more frequent in women. It produces a hypermetabolic state with features such as weight loss, tachycardia, tremor, and heat...
Graves' Disease I: Introduction01:28

Graves' Disease I: Introduction

Graves' disease is an autoimmune disorder that causes hyperthyroidism, or overactivity of the thyroid gland. It results from autoantibodies called thyroid-stimulating immunoglobulins (TSIs), which bind to thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) receptors, leading to overstimulation of hormone production and a hypermetabolic state.EtiologyAlthough considered idiopathic, Graves’ disease has well-established contributing factors. There is a strong genetic component, with increased prevalence in...
Accessory Structures of the Eye01:17

Accessory Structures of the Eye

Optical perception, or vision, is an extraordinary sense dependent on converting light signals received via the ocular organs. These organs, known as eyes, are securely positioned within the bony cavities of the skull, called orbits. The orbits serve a dual purpose: a protective shield for the ocular globes and a stable attachment point for the soft ocular tissues. The eye's external protective mechanisms include the eyelids, which are edged with lashes that act as a barrier against foreign...

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Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
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Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures

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[Orbital decompression in Grave's ophtalmopathy].

E Longueville1

  • 1Clinique Tourny, 68 rue du Palais Gallien, 33000 Bordeaux, France. elongueville@wanadoo.fr

Revue De Laryngologie - Otologie - Rhinologie
|February 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Graves disease orbitopathy requires medical treatment, but emergency bone decompression surgery can restore vision in optic neuropathy and control high eye pressure. This surgery effectively lowers intraocular pressure and improves cosmetic outcomes.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Endocrinology

Context:

  • Graves disease orbitopathy is a complex, progressive inflammatory condition affecting the eyes.
  • Medical management is the primary treatment, but surgical intervention is sometimes necessary.

Purpose:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of emergency bone decompression in managing Graves disease orbitopathy, particularly for optic neuropathy and uncontrolled ocular hypertension.
  • To assess the impact of orbital decompression on intraocular pressure and the need for postoperative glaucoma management.

Summary:

  • Emergency bone decompression effectively relieves optic nerve compression, leading to visual recovery.
  • The surgery significantly reduces intraocular pressure (average decrease of 7.71 mmHg) and can eliminate the need for antiglaucoma eye drops in some patients.
  • A staged surgical approach, including orbital expansion, extraocular muscle, and eyelid surgery, yields excellent cosmetic results and facilitates further treatment.

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Minimally Invasive Surgical Decompression of Occipital Nerves
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Minimally Invasive Surgical Decompression of Occipital Nerves

Published on: September 13, 2024

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
08:18

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures

Published on: May 16, 2025

Minimally Invasive Surgical Decompression of Occipital Nerves
04:06

Minimally Invasive Surgical Decompression of Occipital Nerves

Published on: September 13, 2024

Impact:

  • Provides a critical emergency surgical option for vision-threatening Graves disease orbitopathy.
  • Offers significant benefits for patients with uncontrolled ocular hypertension, potentially avoiding long-term medication.
  • Improves both functional and aesthetic outcomes, enhancing patient quality of life.