Regulatory T-cell as orchestra leader in immunosuppression process of multiple sclerosis

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease of the central nervous system characterized by perivascular inflammation and demyelination and loss of neurologic function. In this disease and its experimental model (experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, EAE), axonal and neuronal loss is thought to play a key role in irreversible loss of function and disability. Regarding the evident role of autoreactive T-cells (particularly Th1 and Th17 cells) in pathophysiology of MS, it might be assumed that the regulatory T-cells (Tregs) can control initiation and progression of disease and even treat it. The frequency, function and properties of various subsets of Tregs including natural Tregs (nTregs), IL-10 producing type 1 Tregs (Tr1 cells), transforming growth factor-β producing Th3 cells, CD8(+) Tregs, and natural killer like T regulatory cells in MS and its model EAE, have been investigated in several experimental studies. In this review, we intend to submit the comprehensive information about the immunobiology of various subsets of Tregs and their roles and function in immunopathophysiology of MS and its animal model, EAE.