Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Nephrotoxin Microinjection in Zebrafish to Model Acute Kidney Injury
07:58

Nephrotoxin Microinjection in Zebrafish to Model Acute Kidney Injury

Published on: July 17, 2016

Nephrotoxicity--what do we know and what don't we know?

Roderick Skinner1

  • 1Department of Paediatric and Adolescent Oncology, Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. Roderick.Skinner@ncl.ac.uk

Journal of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology
|February 3, 2011
PubMed

Insights

Nephrotoxicity, or kidney damage from treatments, significantly impacts children undergoing cancer therapy. Understanding ifosfamide and platinum risks is crucial for managing side effects and improving survivors' quality of life.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Nephrotoxicity, kidney damage from drugs or toxins, affects children treated for cancer.
  • This can lead to severe renal impairment, compromising cancer treatment and long-term quality of life.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current knowledge on ifosfamide and platinum-induced nephrotoxicity in pediatric cancer patients.
  • To review clinical characteristics, long-term outcomes, risk factors, and pathogenesis.
  • To outline current guidelines for evaluation and surveillance.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review of published literature on ifosfamide and platinum nephrotoxicity in children with malignancy.
  • Analysis of clinical data, risk factors, and long-term outcomes.
  • Review of existing guidelines for nephrotoxicity management.

Main Results:

  • Ifosfamide and platinum are significant causes of nephrotoxicity in pediatric cancer patients.
  • Risk factors, clinical presentations, and long-term consequences are partially understood.
  • Current surveillance protocols and understanding of pathogenesis have limitations.

Conclusions:

  • Significant knowledge gaps exist regarding the incidence, long-term impact, and prediction of nephrotoxicity.
  • The nephrotoxic potential of new anticancer drugs requires further investigation.
  • Improved surveillance and predictive models are needed to mitigate kidney damage in pediatric cancer survivors.

More Related Videos

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin07:38

Induction of Nephrotic Syndrome in Mice by Retrobulbar Injection of Doxorubicin and Prevention of Volume Retention by Sustained Release Aprotinin

Published on: May 6, 2018

Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...
Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
Nephrons01:10

Nephrons

The kidneys are intricate organs with millions of working units known as nephrons. Each nephron features two major structures: the renal corpuscle, which facilitates blood plasma filtration, and the renal tubule, which handles the glomerular filtrate. Blood supply is directly linked to the nephrons. The renal corpuscle consists of the glomerulus, a capillary network, and the Bowman's capsule, a double-walled epithelial structure that encases the glomerulus. The filtering of blood plasma happens...
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...