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Related Concept Videos

Muscles that Move the Forearm01:16

Muscles that Move the Forearm

The muscles that move the forearms can be divided into four groups: forearm flexors, forearm extensors, forearm pronators, and forearm supinators. The flexors and extensors act on the elbow joint, while the pronators and supinators act on the radioulnar joints.
Forearm Flexors
The biceps brachii, brachialis, and brachioradialis are forearm flexors. The biceps brachii is made up of two heads. Its long head originates at the supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula, whereas that of the short head is...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus01:19

Bones of the Upper Limb: Humerus

The upper limb consists of the arm, forearm, wrist, and hand bones. The humerus is the single bone of the upper arm region. Proximally, it has a large, spherical, smooth head that articulates with the glenoid cavity of the scapula to form the glenohumeral or shoulder joint. The margin of the head is the anatomical neck, a residual epiphyseal plate. Laterally it extends to form bony projections called the greater tubercle and the lesser tubercle. Next to the tubercles is the surgical neck, a...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna01:15

Bones of the Upper Limb: Ulna

The ulna and radius are parallel bones of the antebrachium or the forearm. The ulna lies medially and consists of a bony tip called the olecranon process at its proximal end. This hook-like projection articulates with the olecranon fossa of the humerus and forms the "hinged" ulnohumeral part of the elbow joint. This joint facilitates forearm extension and flexion while preventing its hyperextension. Similarly, the coronoid process, another bony projection on the proximal/anterior side of the...
Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius01:09

Bones of the Upper Limb: Radius

The radius is longer of the two bones that make up the human antebrachium or forearm. At the proximal end, the radius articulates with the capitulum of the humerus and the radial notch of the ulna to form the elbow joint. At the distal end, the radius articulates with the ulna via the ulnar notch, forming the distal radioulnar joint. Distally, the radius also attaches to the carpal wrist bones (scaphoid and lunate) to form the radiocarpal joint.
The radius has a nail-shaped head, and a short...
Spinal Nerves: Plexus I01:22

Spinal Nerves: Plexus I

Nerve plexuses are networks of interlacing nerves that serve as communication hubs to distribute and organize nerve action across various body regions. The nerve plexuses are organized into the cervical plexus located in the neck region, brachial plexus in the shoulder area, lumbar plexus found in the lower back, sacral plexus situated in the pelvis, and coccygeal plexus located in the coccygeal region.
The Cervical Plexus
The cervical plexus, formed by the anterior rami of the first four...
Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

A Protocol to Acquire the Degenerative Tenocyte from Humans
09:25

A Protocol to Acquire the Degenerative Tenocyte from Humans

Published on: June 9, 2018

Tennis elbow.

J A Bullard

    Canadian Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien
    |February 3, 2011
    PubMed
    Summary

    Tennis players can develop debilitating forearm injuries from improper technique. Early intervention and modified play, focusing on whole-body power over elbow force, improve treatment success for these common sports injuries.

    Area of Science:

    • Sports Medicine
    • Orthopedics
    • Biomechanics

    Background:

    • Repetitive stress from activities like tennis can cause incapacitating forearm injuries.
    • These injuries are often resistant to conventional treatments.
    • Timely intervention is crucial for successful conservative management.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To highlight the biomechanical factors in tennis that contribute to forearm injuries.
    • To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and treatment.
    • To guide physicians in understanding game-specific injury risks.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of tennis strokes (forehand vs. backhand) and their impact on forearm musculature.
    • Evaluation of player technique, distinguishing between elbow-dominant and whole-body power utilization.

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

    A Protocol to Acquire the Degenerative Tenocyte from Humans
    09:25

    A Protocol to Acquire the Degenerative Tenocyte from Humans

    Published on: June 9, 2018

  • Review of conservative treatment strategies and their efficacy.

    • Main Results:

    • The backhand stroke is identified as a greater contributor to forearm stress than the forehand.
    • Inexperienced players often rely excessively on elbow power, increasing injury risk.
    • Early implementation of specific measures significantly enhances conservative treatment outcomes.

    Conclusions:

    • Forearm injuries in tennis players necessitate a comprehensive understanding of playing mechanics.
    • Modifications in playing technique and equipment can mitigate stress and improve treatment effectiveness.
    • Physicians should consider these factors when advising patients on injury prevention and management.