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Related Concept Videos

Factors Affecting Body Temperature01:28

Factors Affecting Body Temperature

As a nurse, it is vital to understand the factors affecting body temperature to monitor variations and effectively evaluate deviations from regular.
Factors may  include:
Body Temperature01:07

Body Temperature

Body temperature reflects the equilibrium between heat production and heat loss within the body. Most heat is generated by metabolically active tissues, particularly the liver, heart, brain, kidneys, and endocrine organs. At rest, skeletal muscles contribute 20–30% of total heat production, but during vigorous exercise, this can increase up to 30–40 times.
The average body temperature is approximately 37°C (98.6°F) and typically ranges from 36.1–37.2°C (97–99°F), remaining relatively stable...
Body Temperature01:25

Body Temperature

The body's temperature, measured in degrees, is determined by the balance between heat production and dissipation to the surrounding environment. For instance, if exercising vigorously, the body will produce more heat, causing sweat and dissipating that heat. Despite extreme environmental conditions and physical exertion, the human temperature-control system maintains a constant core body temperature (the temperature of deep tissues, which are the tissues located beneath the skin and other...
Metabolic Rate01:25

Metabolic Rate

The human body is a powerhouse of energy, with every cell performing numerous functions that require energy. This energy production and consumption is measured by the metabolic rate, which quantifies the total heat generated by all the body's chemical reactions and mechanical work. This measurement helps to determine the rate of kilocalorie (kcal) consumption needed to fuel all ongoing activities.
The Basal Metabolic Rate (BMR) measures the energy expended at rest.
Several factors influence the...
Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal01:27

Assessing Body Temperature - Rectal

Rectal temperature measurement is considered the most precise method for assessing core body temperature and typically registers higher than oral temperature. For adults, the rectal thermometer should be inserted 1 to 1.5 inches into the rectum to obtain the most accurate reading.
Follow these steps for rectal temperature assessment:
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don clean gloves to prevent cross-infection.
Step 2: Position the patient in a side-lying position to better visualize the rectal...
Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery01:19

Assessing Body Temperature - Temporal Artery

Here is a stepwise guide to assessing the body temperature at the temporal artery using a temporal artery thermometer
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene and don a fresh pair of gloves to prevent cross-infection and ensure patient safety.
Step 2: Explain the procedure to the patient to establish trust. Clear communication establishes trust with the patient, ensures they understand what to expect, promotes cooperation, and enhances comfort during the procedure.  
Step 3: Assess the patient's forehead...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Using a Combination of Indirect Calorimetry, Infrared Thermography, and Blood Glucose Levels to Measure Brown Adipose Tissue Thermogenesis in Humans
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Body mass and corrective factor: impact on temperature-based death time estimation.

Michael Hubig1, Holger Muggenthaler, Inga Sinicina

  • 1Institute of Legal Medicine, University Hospital Jena, Fürstengraben 23, 07740, Jena, Germany.

International Journal of Legal Medicine
|February 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Measurement errors in body mass and variations in Henssge

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic Science
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • Temperature-based death time determination is crucial in forensic science.
  • The Marshall and Hoare model with Henssge's parameters is a prominent method.
  • Body mass is a key parameter, but its accuracy can be affected by errors and corrective factors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of body mass measurement errors on death time estimation.
  • To analyze the influence of Henssge's corrective factor on the accuracy of the Marshall and Hoare-Henssge method.
  • To develop and validate formulas for quantifying these error influences.

Main Methods:

  • Derivation of a formula for the relative error of death time (t(D)) based on body mass (m) error.
  • Application of Monte Carlo simulations to validate derived approximations.
  • Formulation of equations to quantify the effect of Henssge's body mass corrective factor (c) on death time estimation.

Main Results:

  • Simple approximations for error analysis were found to be acceptable and validated by simulations.
  • A rule of thumb was established: D(t(D))/D(m) ≈ t(D)/m.
  • Relative variations in the corrective factor (c) were found to be approximately equal to relative variations in estimated death time (Δt(D) ≈ (t(D)/c)Δc) for body masses between 50-150 kg.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides a quantitative understanding of how body mass errors and corrective factor variations affect death time estimation.
  • The derived formulas and approximations offer valuable tools for forensic practitioners to assess the reliability of time of death estimates.
  • The findings support the practical application of the Marshall and Hoare-Henssge method by providing error analysis guidelines.