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The (Spatial) Memory Game: Testing the Relationship Between Spatial Language, Object Knowledge, and Spatial Cognition
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Recall memory for visually presented chess positions.

P W Frey1, P Adesman

  • 1Department of Psychology, Northwestern University, 60201, Evanston, Illinois.

Memory & Cognition
|February 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Chess skill is linked to memory for chess positions, especially when information is presented in meaningful chunks. Meaningful groupings enhance recall, challenging limited short-term memory explanations.

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Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Expert Performance Studies

Background:

  • Previous research by Chase and Simon (1973) and de Groot (1965) explored chess memory and skill.
  • Expertise in chess is associated with superior memory for board positions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between chess skill and memory for chess positions.
  • To examine the role of meaningful information chunks in chess memory.
  • To test the adequacy of limited-capacity short-term memory models for chess memory tasks.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments were conducted, replicating and extending prior work.
  • Experiment 1: Assessed memory for chess positions varying in chess-specific information.
  • Experiment 2: Used tachistoscopic displays to present chess positions in meaningful or nonmeaningful chunks.
  • Experiment 3: Tested memory for sequentially presented chess positions.

Main Results:

  • Memory for chess positions correlated with chess skill, particularly with chess-specific information.
  • Meaningful chunking of chess pieces during presentation significantly improved recall.
  • Limited-capacity short-term memory models were insufficient to explain performance in sequential memory tasks.

Conclusions:

  • Chess skill enhances memory for positions by utilizing meaningful information structures.
  • Chunking and the organization of information are critical factors in expert chess memory.
  • Existing short-term memory models require revision to account for expert memory phenomena in domains like chess.