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lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

lncRNA - Long Non-coding RNAs

In humans, more than 80% of the genome gets transcribed. However, only around 2% of the genome codes for proteins. The remaining part produces non-coding RNAs which includes ribosomal RNAs, transfer RNAs, telomerase RNAs, and regulatory RNAs, among other types. A large number of regulatory non-coding RNAs have been classified into two groups depending upon their length – small non-coding RNAs, such as microRNA, which are less than 200 nucleotides in length, and long non-coding RNA (lncRNA)...

Types of RNA

Types of RNA

Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in regulating gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA Performs Diverse...

Types of RNA

Types of RNA

Overview
Three main types of RNA are involved in protein synthesis: messenger RNA (mRNA), transfer RNA (tRNA), and ribosomal RNA (rRNA). These RNAs perform diverse functions and can be broadly classified as protein-coding or non-coding RNA. Non-coding RNAs play important roles in the regulation of gene expression in response to developmental and environmental changes. Non-coding RNAs in prokaryotes can be manipulated to develop more effective antibacterial drugs for human or animal use.
RNA...

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

Regulation of Expression at Multiple Steps

The gene expression in cells is regulated at different stages: (i) transcription, (ii) RNA processing, (iii) RNA localization, and (iv) translation. Transcriptional regulation is mediated by regulatory proteins such as transcription factors, activators, or repressors—these control gene expression by initiating or inhibiting the transcription of genes. Once a precursor or pre-mRNA is produced, it undergoes post-transcriptional modification, including 5' capping, splicing, and the addition of a...

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Co-activators and Co-repressors

Gene transcription is regulated by the synergistic action of several proteins that form a complex at a gene regulatory site. This is observed in eukaryotes, where the regulation of gene expression is a complex process. Regulatory proteins in eukaryotes can broadly be classified into two types – regulators that bind directly to specific DNA sequences and co-regulators that associate with regulatory proteins but cannot directly bind to the DNA. These co-regulators are further divided into...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Chromatin Isolation by RNA Purification (ChIRP)

Chromatin Isolation by RNA Purification (ChIRP)

Published on: March 25, 2012

Long noncoding RNA as a regulator for transcription.

Riki Kurokawa¹

¹Division of Gene Structure and Function, Research Center for Genomic Medicine, Saitama Medical University, 1397-1 Yamane, Hidaka-shi, Hidaka-shi, Saitama-Ken, 350-1241, Japan, rkurokaw@saitama-med.ac.jp.

Progress in Molecular and Subcellular Biology

|February 3, 2011

Summary

Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) regulate gene transcription, unlike short noncoding RNAs that control translation. This review explores lncRNA mechanisms and their biological significance.

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Chromatin Isolation by RNA Purification (ChIRP)

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Area of Science:

Molecular Biology
Genetics
Epigenetics

Background:

Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs) are crucial regulators of gene expression.
Short ncRNAs, like microRNAs, primarily mediate translational repression.
Long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) are emerging as key regulators of transcriptional repression.

Purpose of the Study:

To review recent publications on transcriptional regulation by lncRNAs.
To explore the biological significance of lncRNAs in gene regulation.
To discuss the relationship between RNA polymerase II activity and lncRNA origins.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent publications on lncRNAs and transcriptional regulation.
Analysis of specific lncRNA examples, including one transcribed from the cyclin D1 promoter.
Discussion of molecular mechanisms employed by lncRNAs.

Main Results:

A specific lncRNA (200-300 nucleotides) from the cyclin D1 promoter mediates transcriptional repression via TLS binding.
lncRNAs are primarily responsible for transcriptional repression, distinct from the translational repression by short ncRNAs.
lncRNAs are heterogeneous and utilize diverse mechanisms for transcriptional control.

Conclusions:

lncRNAs play a significant role in regulating gene transcription through various mechanisms.
Understanding lncRNA function is critical for deciphering gene expression regulation.
The origins of lncRNAs may be linked to random transcriptional activity.