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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Memorization-Based Training and Testing Paradigm for Robust Vocal Identity Recognition in Expressive Speech Using Event-Related Potentials Analysis
05:48

Memorization-Based Training and Testing Paradigm for Robust Vocal Identity Recognition in Expressive Speech Using Event-Related Potentials Analysis

Published on: August 9, 2024

Recognition memory for elements of sentences.

A G Reynolds1, P W Flagg

  • 1Department of Psychology, Dartmouth College, 03755, Hanover, New Hampshke.

Memory & Cognition
|February 3, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nouns are better remembered than verbs in memory tasks, creating Fillenbaum's paradox. This study suggests verbs are processed more semantically, while nouns are processed more orthographically, resolving the paradox.

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

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Published on: February 19, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Psycholinguistics
  • Memory Studies

Background:

  • Theoretical positions and empirical tasks highlight verbs' importance in sentences.
  • Nouns are typically recalled and recognized better in memory tasks, a phenomenon known as Fillenbaum's paradox.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the discrepancy between the theoretical importance of verbs and the empirical memory advantage of nouns.
  • To explore the efficiency of different sentence elements as cues in recognition memory.

Main Methods:

  • Conducted multiple experiments (I, II, IV, V) using recognition memory paradigms.
  • Manipulated factors such as stimulus concreteness, distractor type, and derivational similarity of verbs and nouns.
  • Controlled for language-specific characteristics (Experiment III).

Main Results:

  • Verb phrase changes were less recognizable than noun phrase changes with synonym distractors.
  • This effect was consistent across different experimental paradigms and controls.
  • Results were not attributable to language characteristics or superior noun form memory.

Conclusions:

  • Subjects process sentence components to varying semantic levels.
  • Verbs receive deeper semantic representation, whereas nouns are processed with more orthographic or phonological detail.
  • Findings support a "semantic encoding model" for Fillenbaum's paradox.