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Related Concept Videos

Bone Remodeling01:40

Bone Remodeling

Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
Bone Remodeling and Repair01:31

Bone Remodeling and Repair

Osteoclasts are cells responsible for bone resorption and remodeling. They originate from hematopoietic progenitor cells present in the bone marrow. Numerous progenitor cells fuse to form multinucleated cells, each with 10-20 nuclei. A single osteoclast has a diameter of 150 to 200 µM. These cells have ruffled borders that break down the underlying bone tissue and release minerals such as calcium into the blood in bone resorption. Osteoclasts cling to bones with their ruffled edges during bone...
Bioreactor Design and Operational System01:29

Bioreactor Design and Operational System

Bioreactors are engineered vessels designed to cultivate microorganisms under controlled conditions for industrial bioprocessing. They maintain sterility and allow precise regulation of pH, temperature, oxygen, and nutrient levels to optimize microbial growth and metabolite production. Bioreactors range from small laboratory units of 1 liter to industrial systems holding up to 500,000 liters, though only about 75% of their volume is actively used for fermentation. The remaining headspace...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Design of a Biaxial Mechanical Loading Bioreactor for Tissue Engineering
08:04

Design of a Biaxial Mechanical Loading Bioreactor for Tissue Engineering

Published on: April 25, 2013

Bioreactors for bone tissue engineering.

A J El Haj1, S H Cartmell

  • 1Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Thornburrow Drive, Hartshill, Stoke-on-Trent, UK. a.j.el.haj@bemp.keele.ac.uk

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers. Part H, Journal of Engineering in Medicine
|February 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Engineering functional bone tissue in vitro for orthopaedics requires specific growth environments. This review covers bioreactor designs applying mechanical stresses to three-dimensional (3D) engineered bone constructs for clinical use.

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Design of a Biaxial Mechanical Loading Bioreactor for Tissue Engineering
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Distinctive Capillary Action by Micro-channels in Bone-like Templates can Enhance Recruitment of Cells for Restoration of Large Bony Defect
09:35

Distinctive Capillary Action by Micro-channels in Bone-like Templates can Enhance Recruitment of Cells for Restoration of Large Bony Defect

Published on: September 11, 2015

Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Orthopaedic Surgery

Background:

  • Bone tissue engineering for orthopaedics faces challenges in creating suitable growth conditions.
  • Developing functional bone tissue in vitro is crucial for clinical applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review design considerations for in vitro bone tissue engineering.
  • To outline bioreactor types used for applying mechanical stimuli to engineered bone.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on bioreactor technology for bone tissue engineering.
  • Analysis of different mechanical stress regimes (compressive, shear, rotational) applied to 3D constructs.

Main Results:

  • Bioreactors are essential for simulating physiological conditions for bone growth.
  • Various bioreactor designs exist, enabling controlled application of mechanical forces.

Conclusions:

  • Optimizing bioreactor design and mechanical stimulation is key to successful bone tissue engineering.
  • Further development of bioreactors will advance in vitro bone regeneration for orthopaedic applications.