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Measuring single small molecule binding via rupture forces of a split aptamer.

Thi-Huong Nguyen1, Lorenz Jan Steinbock, Hans-Jürgen Butt

  • 1Max Planck Institute for Polymer Research, 55128 Mainz, Germany.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|February 4, 2011
PubMed
Summary

This study measured the rupture force of a split aptamer for adenosine monophosphate (AMP) using atomic force spectroscopy. Specific AMP binding directly altered rupture force, enabling label-free detection and single-molecule dissociation constant determination.

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Area of Science:

  • Biochemistry
  • Molecular Biology
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Aptamers are nucleic acid or peptide molecules that bind to a specific target molecule.
  • Split aptamers offer a unique approach for molecular recognition by forming binding pockets.
  • Atomic force spectroscopy (AFS) is a high-resolution imaging technique used to study molecular interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To measure the rupture force of a split aptamer designed to bind adenosine monophosphate (AMP).
  • To investigate the specificity of AMP binding to the split aptamer using biophysical methods.
  • To demonstrate the utility of the split aptamer concept for label-free detection and single-molecule analysis of AMP.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized atomic force spectroscopy (AFS) to measure the rupture force of a split aptamer.

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  • Introduced adenosine monophosphate (AMP) to observe changes in aptamer-ligand interaction forces.
  • Employed mutant aptamers and inosine as controls to confirm binding specificity.

    • Main Results:

    • Observed significant changes in aptamer rupture force upon binding with AMP.
    • Demonstrated that these changes were specific to AMP, as mutant aptamers and inosine did not induce similar effects.
    • Confirmed that the observed rupture force alterations were a direct consequence of specific AMP-aptamer interactions.

    Conclusions:

    • The split aptamer system specifically binds to AMP, as evidenced by changes in rupture force.
    • This split aptamer approach enables the label-free detection of AMP.
    • The method allows for the determination of the dissociation constant for AMP binding at the single-molecule level.