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Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Probe-based Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy of the Urinary Tract: The Technique
Published on: January 10, 2013
[Fluorescence guided endoscopy: improvement in the management of bladder cancer]
Matieu Uffer1, Patrice Jichlinski
1Service d'urologie CHUV, 1011 Lausanne. matieu.uffer@chuv.ch
Abstract:
White-light cystoscopy and cytology are the standard tools to diagnose bladder cancer. White-light cystoscopy is excellent to detect macroscopic exophytic tumors, but its sensitivity is poor for flat tumors such as carcinoma in situ. Use of fluorescence cystoscopy during transurethral bladder resection improve tumor detection, particulary for carcinoma in situ. Fluorescence cystoscopy reduce residual tumor rate, especially for voluminous and multifocal tumors with consecutive lower recurrence. Fluorescence is now recommended to diagnose and treat bladder cancer.
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