Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Valence Bond Theory02:42

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...
Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes02:58

Crystal Field Theory - Octahedral Complexes

Crystal Field Theory
To explain the observed behavior of transition metal complexes (such as colors), a model involving electrostatic interactions between the electrons from the ligands and the electrons in the unhybridized d orbitals of the central metal atom has been developed. This electrostatic model is crystal field theory (CFT). It helps to understand, interpret, and predict the colors, magnetic behavior, and some structures of coordination compounds of transition metals.
CFT focuses on...
Ionic Crystal Structures02:42

Ionic Crystal Structures

Ionic crystals consist of two or more different kinds of ions that usually have different sizes. The packing of these ions into a crystal structure is more complex than the packing of metal atoms that are the same size.
Most monatomic ions behave as charged spheres, and their attraction for ions of opposite charge is the same in every direction. Consequently, stable structures for ionic compounds result (1) when ions of one charge are surrounded by as many ions as possible of the opposite...
Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes02:46

Crystal Field Theory - Tetrahedral and Square Planar Complexes

Tetrahedral Complexes
Crystal field theory (CFT) is applicable to molecules in geometries other than octahedral. In octahedral complexes, the lobes of the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals point directly at the ligands. For tetrahedral complexes, the d orbitals remain in place, but with only four ligands located between the axes. None of the orbitals points directly at the tetrahedral ligands. However, the dx2−y2 and dz2 orbitals (along the Cartesian axes) overlap with the ligands less than the dxy,...
Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect01:19

Complexation Equilibria: The Chelate Effect

In complexation reactions, metal atoms or cations interact with ligands to form donor-acceptor adducts called metal complexes. Ligands that bind through one donor site are monodentate, ligands with two donor sites are bidentate, and those with more than two donor sites are polydentate ligands. For example, ethylene diamine is a bidentate ligand that binds through two nitrogen donor atoms, forming a five-membered ring. EDTA is a polydentate ligand that binds through four oxygen and two nitrogen...
Coordination Number and Geometry02:57

Coordination Number and Geometry

For transition metal complexes, the coordination number determines the geometry around the central metal ion. Table 1 compares coordination numbers to molecular geometry. The most common structures of the complexes in coordination compounds are octahedral, tetrahedral, and square planar.

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Plutonium Gets a Cage.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2026
Same author

Vibrational and electronic properties of Np[Formula: see text]O[Formula: see text] from experimental spectroscopy and first principles calculations.

Scientific reports·2026
Same author

Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances (PFAS) in Michigan: A Novel High-Throughput Method with Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) Analysis of 42 PFAS Compounds in Human and Bovine Serum.

Toxics·2026
Same author

Irradiation Driven Restructuring of Nanocrystalline ThO<sub>2</sub> and Th<sub>1-<i>x</i></sub>U<sub><i>x</i></sub>O<sub>2</sub> Thin Films.

ACS applied materials & interfaces·2026
Same author

Direct Determination of Hydration Shell Thickness of Molecular Clusters.

Inorganic chemistry·2025
Same author

The Crystal Chemistry and Topology of Modular Structures. III. 2D and 3D Zeolites Containing Tetrahedral Layers with the Apophyllite-Type Topology.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)·2025
Same journal

Thermally Induced In-Lattice Cation Transformation of 0D Antimony Halides for Improved X-ray Scintillation.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same journal

Low-Valent Rhodium and Iridium Assemblies Directed by Uracilate and Guaninate Linkers.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same journal

Solid-State Syntheses, Crystallographic Spatial Disorders, Thermal Behavior, and Bandgaps of Hybrid Organic-Inorganic Manganese Halides: A<sub>2</sub>Mn(Cl/Br)<sub>4</sub> (A = NH<sub>4</sub>, C(NH<sub>2</sub>)<sub>3</sub>, & C<sub>3</sub>H<sub>4</sub>N<sub>2</sub>).

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same journal

Comparing the Photophysical Properties of Bridged and Unbridged Platinum(II) Cyclometalated Complexes.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same journal

Solvent Coordination-Induced Synergistic Phase, Facet, and Defect Engineering of CdS for Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same journal

Tailoring the Electron-Enriched Microenvironment of UiO-66 via Thiol Functionalization to Boost Non-Thermal Plasma CO<sub>2</sub> Conversion.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
See all related articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups
08:15

Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups

Published on: February 11, 2012

U(VI) uranyl cation-cation interactions in framework germanates.

Jessica M Morrison1, Laura J Moore-Shay, Peter C Burns

  • 1Department of Civil Engineering and Geological Sciences, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana 46556, United States.

Inorganic Chemistry
|February 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Four new isomorphous uranyl germanate compounds were synthesized and structurally characterized. These materials form dense 3D frameworks with germanium and low-valence cations within the uranyl polyhedra cavities.

More Related Videos

Discovery and Synthesis Optimization of Isoreticular Al(III) Phosphonate-Based Metal-Organic Framework Compounds Using High-Throughput Methods
07:20

Discovery and Synthesis Optimization of Isoreticular Al(III) Phosphonate-Based Metal-Organic Framework Compounds Using High-Throughput Methods

Published on: October 6, 2023

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups
08:15

Synthesis of Nine-atom Deltahedral Zintl Ions of Germanium and their Functionalization with Organic Groups

Published on: February 11, 2012

Discovery and Synthesis Optimization of Isoreticular Al(III) Phosphonate-Based Metal-Organic Framework Compounds Using High-Throughput Methods
07:20

Discovery and Synthesis Optimization of Isoreticular Al(III) Phosphonate-Based Metal-Organic Framework Compounds Using High-Throughput Methods

Published on: October 6, 2023

Area of Science:

  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Crystal Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Uranyl germanates are a class of compounds with potential applications in nuclear waste management and catalysis.
  • Understanding the structural diversity and properties of uranyl germanates is crucial for designing new materials with tailored functionalities.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize new isomorphous uranyl germanate compounds.
  • To elucidate the crystal structures and bonding features of these novel materials.
  • To investigate the arrangement of uranium, germanium, and other cations within the framework.

Main Methods:

  • Hydrothermal synthesis at 220 °C.
  • Single crystal X-ray diffraction for structural determination.
  • Chemical, thermal, and spectroscopic characterizations.

Main Results:

  • Four isomorphous compounds (NH4, K, Li3O, Ba) were successfully synthesized.
  • Crystal structures revealed a dense 3D framework of U-centered polyhedra.
  • Three symmetrically independent U sites were identified, including two uranyl ions and one octahedrally coordinated U site.
  • Cation-cation interactions were observed between uranyl ions.
  • Germanium and low-valence cations occupy cavities within the framework.

Conclusions:

  • The synthesized uranyl germanates exhibit complex 3D framework structures.
  • The presence of cation-cation interactions and varied U coordination contributes to structural stability.
  • These findings expand the known structural chemistry of uranyl germanates and provide insights for future material design.