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Related Concept Videos

Skin Cancer01:30

Skin Cancer

Skin cancer is a type of cancer that occurs when there is an abnormal growth of skin cells, usually triggered by damage to the DNA within the skin cells. It is primarily caused by exposure to ultraviolet (UV) radiation from the sun or artificial sources like tanning beds. Skin cancer is the most common type of cancer worldwide, and its incidence continues to rise.
Basal Cell Carcinoma (BCC): BCC is the most common type of skin cancer, accounting for about 80% of cases. It typically develops in...
Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives01:14

Changes in Skin Color: Clinical Perspectives

The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
Albinism
Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis01:23

Role of Skin in Vitamin D Synthesis

The skin plays a crucial role in the synthesis of vitamin D, a vital nutrient for various physiological processes in the body. Vitamin D is unique because it can be synthesized in the skin through a series of chemical reactions triggered by exposure to ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation from sunlight.
The solar UV B rays (290-315 nm) are absorbed by the skin, and 7-dehydrocholesterol (provitamin D3) photolyzes it to previtamin D3, which undergoes a rapid transformation to vitamin D3(cholecalciferol).
Pigmentation01:19

Pigmentation

The color of the skin is influenced by a number of pigments, including melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin. Recall that melanin is produced by cells called melanocytes, which are found scattered throughout the stratum basale of the epidermis. The melanin is transferred to the keratinocytes via melanosomes.
Melanin occurs in two primary forms: eumelanin that provides black and brown pigment and pheomelanin that provides red color. Dark-skinned individuals produce more melanin than those with pale...
Mutations01:35

Mutations

Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
Chromosomal Alterations Are Large-Scale Mutations
While point mutations are changes in a single nucleotide in...
Radiation: Applications01:17

Radiation: Applications

The average temperature of Earth is the subject of much current discussion. Earth is in radiative contact with both the Sun and dark space; it receives almost all its energy from the radiation of the Sun and reflects some of it into outer space. Dark space is very cold, about 3 K, so Earth radiates energy into it. For instance, heat transfer occurs from soil and grasses, the rate of which can be so rapid that frost can occur on clear summer evenings, even in warm latitudes.
The average...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model
12:37

Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model

Published on: September 7, 2013

Sunscreens: an overview and update.

Divya R Sambandan1, Desiree Ratner

  • 1Columbia University College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, New York 10032, USA. drs2142@columbia.edu

Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
|February 5, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sunscreens are vital for photoprotection, effectively reducing risks of skin cancer and aging. Despite safety concerns, their benefits are significant, with new technologies enhancing modern sunscreen performance.

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Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing
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Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing

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The Evolution of Silica Nanoparticle-polyester Coatings on Surfaces Exposed to Sunlight

Published on: October 11, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model
12:37

Pharmacologic Induction of Epidermal Melanin and Protection Against Sunburn in a Humanized Mouse Model

Published on: September 7, 2013

Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing
06:24

Minimal Erythema Dose (MED) Testing

Published on: May 28, 2013

The Evolution of Silica Nanoparticle-polyester Coatings on Surfaces Exposed to Sunlight
10:27

The Evolution of Silica Nanoparticle-polyester Coatings on Surfaces Exposed to Sunlight

Published on: October 11, 2016

Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Photobiology
  • Cosmetic Science

Background:

  • Sunscreens play a crucial role in protecting the skin from harmful ultraviolet (UV) radiation.
  • The benefits of sunscreens in preventing photocarcinogenesis (skin cancer) and photoaging (premature skin aging) are well-established.
  • Despite documented advantages, public concerns about the long-term safety of sunscreen ingredients persist.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the established efficacy of sunscreens in photoprotection.
  • To address and contextualize concerns regarding sunscreen safety.
  • To highlight advancements in sunscreen technology and formulation.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on sunscreen efficacy and safety.
  • Analysis of scientific data on photocarcinogenesis and photoaging.
  • Evaluation of recent innovations in UV filters and product formulations.

Main Results:

  • Sunscreens demonstrate significant efficacy in preventing UV-induced skin damage, including cancer and aging.
  • The benefits of consistent sunscreen use outweigh the potential risks, which are still under investigation.
  • Modern sunscreens offer improved cosmetic elegance and broader UV protection due to technological advancements.

Conclusions:

  • The protective benefits of sunscreens against UV radiation are scientifically compelling.
  • Ongoing research addresses safety concerns, but current evidence supports widespread sunscreen use.
  • Innovations in sunscreen technology are enhancing user experience and product effectiveness for better photoprotection.