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Related Experiment Video

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The Mouse Round-window Approach for Ototoxic Agent Delivery: A Rapid and Reliable Technique for Inducing Cochlear Cell Degeneration

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Toluene effect on the olivocochlear reflex.

Cécile Rumeau¹, Pierre Campo, Thomas Venet

¹Polluants et Santé Department, Institut National de Recherche et de Sécurité, Rue du Morvan, CS 60027, 54519 Vandœuvre Cédex, France.

Toxicological Sciences : an Official Journal of the Society of Toxicology

|February 5, 2011

Summary

Toluene exposure impairs hearing by affecting the middle ear acoustic reflex. The inner ear olivocochlear (OC) reflex offers protection against noise, but its efficacy is reduced by toluene.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Audiology
Toxicology

Background:

Toluene, an aromatic solvent, is known to cause hearing loss.
It can worsen noise-induced hearing damage by inhibiting the middle ear acoustic reflex.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of toluene on the middle ear acoustic reflex and the inner ear olivocochlear (OC) reflex in rats.
To understand the mechanisms behind the synergistic hearing effects of co-exposure to noise and solvents.

Main Methods:

Surgical alteration of middle ear muscles (tensor tympani and stapedius) in Long-Evans rats.
Evaluation of rat hearing using cubic distortion otoacoustic emissions (2f1-f2).
Assessment of the olivocochlear (OC) reflex and middle ear acoustic reflex under varying noise intensities and toluene exposure via carotid artery injection.

Main Results:

The protective effect of the olivocochlear (OC) reflex against noise is dependent on noise intensity.
The olivocochlear (OC) reflex showed less sensitivity to toluene compared to the middle ear acoustic reflex.
Differential sensitivity may stem from distinct locations of efferent neurons controlling each reflex.

Conclusions:

Solvents like toluene depress central nervous system nuclei that primarily control the middle ear acoustic reflex.
This central effect explains the enhanced hearing damage observed when exposed to both noise and aromatic solvents simultaneously.