Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers

Heart Failure Drugs: β-Blockers

β-adrenergic antagonists, commonly known as β-blockers, block the effects of sympathetic neurotransmitters such as noradrenaline (NA) and adrenaline (ADR). They have several beneficial effects in heart failure treatment. They reduce heart rate, the force of contraction, and cardiac muscle relaxation. They also slow the atrial-ventricular conduction rate and raise the threshold for arrhythmias. The concentration of β-blockers determines their effects on bronchodilation, vasodilation, and...

Adrenergic Antagonists: Pharmacological Actions of β-Receptor Blockers

Adrenergic Antagonists: Pharmacological Actions of β-Receptor Blockers

β-receptor blockers significantly impact the cardiovascular system by counteracting catecholamine-induced sympathetic responses. These medications decrease heart rate, contractility, and cardiac output, potentially leading to cardiac depression, life-threatening bradycardia, and death. Therapeutically, β-blockers function as mild antihypertensives and are utilized in treating angina pectoris and cardiac arrhythmias. However, nonselective β-blockers inhibit β2-receptors in bronchial smooth...

Antihypertensive Drugs: Types of β-Blockers

Antihypertensive Drugs: Types of β-Blockers

β receptors are classified into three subclasses: β1, β2, and β3. β1 receptors are primarily located in the heart and kidneys. When they get activated, they increase heart rate, contractility, and renin release. This process enhances blood pressure and aids in stress management. In contrast, β2 receptors are situated mainly in the lungs, blood vessels, and skeletal muscles. Upon activation, they trigger smooth muscle relaxation, causing bronchodilation and vasodilation. This widens airways and...

Adrenergic Antagonists: ɑ and β-Receptor Blockers

Adrenergic Antagonists: ɑ and β-Receptor Blockers

Third-generation β-blockers, such as labetalol and carvedilol, represent a significant advancement in managing cardiovascular conditions. Unlike conventional β-blockers, which can induce peripheral vasoconstriction, third-generation drugs block α1 adrenoceptors. This promotes vasodilation through several mechanisms, such as increased nitric oxide production, inhibition of calcium ion entry, opening of potassium ion channels, and antioxidant action. Labetalol, for instance, is clinically...

Adrenergic Antagonists: Chemistry and Classification of β-Receptor Blockers

Adrenergic Antagonists: Chemistry and Classification of β-Receptor Blockers

β-adrenergic antagonists, or β-blockers, modulate the sympathetic nervous system by targeting β-adrenoceptors and inhibiting catecholamine-mediated sympathetic responses. β-blockers differ in their adrenoceptor subtype affinity, lipophilicity, and α-blocking capabilities. The history of β-blocker development began with the prototype, dichloroisoprenaline, which exhibited partial agonist activity. As a result, propranolol was developed as a pure antagonist but nonselective agent, paving the way...

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class II Agents as β-Adrenergic Blockers

Antiarrhythmic Drugs: Class II Agents as β-Adrenergic Blockers

Adrenergic stimulation generally impacts cardiac rate and rhythm. Specifically, stimulation of the β-adrenoceptors triggers an increase in intracellular calcium ion influx and pacemaker currents, which may cause arrhythmias. Catecholamines like adrenaline also demonstrate β2-adrenoceptor-mediated hypokalemia, impacting cardiac action potential and disrupting the normal cardiac rhythm. Class II antiarrhythmic drugs are β-adrenoceptor antagonists or β-blockers, which indirectly block calcium...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Translational profiling of stress-induced neuroplasticity in the CA3 pyramidal neurons of BDNF Val66Met mice.

Molecular psychiatry·2016

Same author

Age and Alzheimer's disease gene expression profiles reversed by the glutamate modulator riluzole.

Molecular psychiatry·2016

Same author

Hippocampal gene expression changes underlying stress sensitization and recovery.

Molecular psychiatry·2013

Same author

Lithium's role in neural plasticity and its implications for mood disorders.

Acta psychiatrica Scandinavica·2013

Same author

Dynamic plasticity: the role of glucocorticoids, brain-derived neurotrophic factor and other trophic factors.

Neuroscience·2012

Same author

Prophylaxis for infective endocarditis.

Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien·2011

Search research articles

Related Experiment Videos

Current status of Beta blocker therapy.

Canadian Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien

|February 5, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Beta-adrenergic blocking agents are vital for treating heart disease, hypertension, and hyperthyroidism. This summary covers beta-receptors, their therapeutic uses, and available agents for Canadian physicians.

Related Experiment Videos

Area of Science:

Pharmacology
Cardiology
Endocrinology

Background:

Beta-adrenergic blocking agents are increasingly significant in family medicine.
Conditions like ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and hyperthyroidism show dramatic response to beta-blocker therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

To summarize current knowledge on beta-receptors.
To outline indications for beta-receptor blocking therapy.
To describe properties of available beta-blocking agents for Canadian physicians.

Main Methods:

Literature review of beta-adrenergic blocking agents.
Synthesis of information on beta-receptor function.
Compilation of clinical indications and drug properties.

Main Results:

Beta-receptors play a crucial role in various physiological processes.
Beta-blocker therapy is effective for managing ischemic heart disease, hypertension, and hyperthyroidism.
Five distinct beta-blocking agents are currently available to Canadian physicians, each with specific properties.

Conclusions:

Beta-adrenergic blocking agents represent an important therapeutic class for family physicians.
Understanding beta-receptors and their blockade is essential for effective disease management.
Physicians should be aware of the properties and indications of the available beta-blocking agents.