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C-type virus-lymphocyte interactions in developing mouse thymus.

T L Koppenheffer, J H Phillips, G L Vankin

    The American Journal of Anatomy
    |September 1, 1978
    PubMed
    Summary
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    C-type virus particles were observed in Swiss mouse embryo thymus cells. These viruses appear to transfer from epithelial cells to developing lymphocytes, suggesting horizontal transmission in embryos.

    Area of Science:

    • Virology
    • Developmental Biology
    • Immunology

    Background:

    • C-type retroviruses are known to infect various mammalian species.
    • Thymus development is crucial for T-cell maturation and immune system function.
    • Understanding viral interactions within the developing thymus is important for developmental immunology.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the presence and behavior of C-type virus particles in the developing thymus of Swiss mouse embryos.
    • To determine the cellular origin and transmission route of C-type viruses within the embryonic thymus.

    Main Methods:

    • Electron microscopy was used to examine thymic rudiments from mouse embryos at different developmental stages (11.5 to 15.5 days post-conception age).
    • Cellular localization, budding, and potential entry mechanisms of virus particles were analyzed.

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    Main Results:

    • C-type virus particles were detected in epithelial cells, budding from surfaces, and in extracellular spaces of thymic rudiments.
    • Lymphoid cells, appearing around 13.5 days post-conception age, initially did not show virus particles.
    • By 14.5 days post-conception age, lymphocytes exhibited plasmalemmal thickenings near extracellular viruses.
    • At 15.5 days post-conception age, viruses appeared to enter lymphocytes via viropexis, with lymphocytes containing virus-laden vesicles and buds.

    Conclusions:

    • The findings suggest a horizontal transmission of C-type viruses from thymic epithelial cells to early thymic lymphocyte populations in mouse embryos.
    • This interaction may impact early immune cell development and function.