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Disorders of Leukocytes

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In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

In Vitro Differentiation Model of Human Normal Memory B Cells to Long-lived Plasma Cells

Published on: January 20, 2019

Plasma cell leukemia.

Flavio Albarracin¹, Rafael Fonseca

¹Hematology Division, Hospital Central, Mendoza, Argentina.

|February 8, 2011

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is an aggressive blood cancer, a variant of multiple myeloma. Diagnosis requires high circulating plasma cells, and prognosis is poor, necessitating treatment advancements.

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Area of Science:

Hematology
Oncology

Background:

Plasma cell leukemia (PCL) is a rare and aggressive plasma cell neoplasm.
It is a variant of multiple myeloma (MM) with high circulating plasma cells.
PCL can be primary or secondary to MM, presenting with MM-like symptoms and organomegaly.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the diagnostic criteria for plasma cell leukemia.
To summarize current treatment approaches and prognosis for PCL.
To highlight the limited evidence base for PCL treatment.

Main Methods:

Review of peripheral blood smear.
Bone marrow aspiration and biopsy.
Serum and urine protein electrophoresis with immunofixation.

Main Results:

Diagnosis requires absolute PC count >2000/μL and PCs ≥20% of WBCs.
Median survival is poor (7-11 months), shorter in relapsed/refractory MM.
No prospective trials exist; recommendations based on retrospective data and MM extrapolation.

Conclusions:

PCL is a high-risk plasma cell disorder with poor prognosis.
Treatment typically involves induction therapy and potentially hematopoietic cell transplantation.
Newer MM agents show promise in PCL treatment, but optimal regimens remain undefined.