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Related Concept Videos

Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions01:17

Cerebellum: Anatomical Regions

The cerebellum, also known as the "little brain," is located in the posterior cranial fossa, inferior to the tentorium cerebelli and dorsal to the brainstem. It plays a significant role in motor control, coordination, and proprioception.
Cerebellar Structure
Externally, the cerebellum features a highly convoluted surface with numerous folia (narrow ridges) separated by shallow sulci (grooves). The cerebellum is divided into two hemispheres by a thin median structure known as the vermis. The...
Brainstem01:19

Brainstem

The brainstem, located inferior to the brain and superior to the spinal cord, serves as a bridge between the cerebrum and the spinal cord. It plays a vital role in relaying information and controlling critical life functions. It comprises three primary regions: the midbrain, pons, and medulla oblongata.
The Midbrain
The midbrain is located beneath the diencephalon and connects the cerebrum with the lower parts of the brain. The cerebral peduncles are prominent midbrain structures that house the...
The Retinoblastoma Gene01:20

The Retinoblastoma Gene

Tumor suppressor genes are normal genes that can slow down cell division, repair DNA mistakes, or program the cells for apoptosis in case of irreparable damage. Hence, they play an essential role in preventing the proliferation of damaged cells.
The first-ever tumor suppressor gene called Rb was identified in retinoblastoma - a rare eye tumor in children. In inherited forms of the disease, a child inherits one defective copy of the Rb gene, which predisposes them to retinoblastoma. However,...
Brainstem: Control Centers of Medulla01:21

Brainstem: Control Centers of Medulla

The medulla oblongata is a crucial part of the brainstem responsible for controlling various autonomic and involuntary functions. It contains several nuclei, including the olivary, cuneate, gracile, and solitary nuclei.
Olivary Nucleus
The olivary nucleus, or inferior olivary nucleus, is located within the ventrolateral part of the medulla oblongata. It is primarily involved in motor coordination and motor learning. The olivary nucleus receives input from the spinal cord, cerebellum, and motor...
Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II01:11

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview II

Each cerebral hemisphere can be divided into three main regions. The outermost region, the cerebral cortex, is a thin layer (2 to 4 millimeters thick) made up of gray matter, consisting of neuron cell bodies, dendrites, glial cells, and blood vessels. The middle region, or white matter, is primarily composed of myelinated nerve fibers organized into three types of large tracts: association fibers, commissures, and projection fibers. Association fibers connect different areas within the same...
Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview I01:26

Cerebrum: Anatomical Overview I

The main and largest component of the human brain is the cerebrum. The cerebrum consists of two main parts: the cerebral cortex, an outer layer with wrinkles or folds known as gyri and shallow grooves called sulci, and a deeper region beneath it. The cerebrum divides into two distinct hemispheres and contains five different lobes: the frontal, parietal, temporal, occipital, and insula. The central sulcus separates the frontal and parietal lobes and two functionally important gyri — the...

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Intracranial Orthotopic Allografting of Medulloblastoma Cells in Immunocompromised Mice
05:10

Intracranial Orthotopic Allografting of Medulloblastoma Cells in Immunocompromised Mice

Published on: October 3, 2010

Cerebellum development and medulloblastoma.

Martine F Roussel1, Mary E Hatten

  • 1Department of Tumor Cell Biology and Genetics, St. Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, Tennessee, USA.

Current Topics in Developmental Biology
|February 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Developmental signaling pathways and noncoding RNAs are crucial in cancer development. Understanding these pathways in cerebellar development is key to unraveling medulloblastoma formation.

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Intracranial Orthotopic Allografting of Medulloblastoma Cells in Immunocompromised Mice
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Published on: October 3, 2010

Isolation, Enrichment, and Maintenance of Medulloblastoma Stem Cells
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Isolation of Distinct Cell Populations from the Developing Cerebellum by Microdissection
08:02

Isolation of Distinct Cell Populations from the Developing Cerebellum by Microdissection

Published on: September 21, 2014

Area of Science:

  • Developmental biology
  • Cancer biology
  • Neuroscience

Background:

  • Signaling pathways and noncoding RNAs are implicated in cancer pathogenesis.
  • Many conserved developmental pathways are dysregulated in various human cancers.
  • Medulloblastoma, a pediatric brain tumor, is linked to disruptions in cerebellar development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review cerebellar cortex development.
  • To highlight signaling pathways relevant to medulloblastoma tumorigenesis.
  • To define extracellular cues and intracellular pathways controlling cerebellar neurogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on developmental biology and cancer.
  • Analysis of conserved signaling pathways (Notch, Wnt, TGF-β, Shh, Hippo).
  • Focus on cerebellar neurogenesis and granule cell progenitor (GCP) regulation.

Main Results:

  • Developmental pathways are critical in cancer pathogenesis.
  • Aberrant regulation of these pathways occurs in diverse cancers, including medulloblastoma.
  • Understanding cerebellar development aids medulloblastoma research.

Conclusions:

  • Signaling pathways controlling embryonic development are reactivated or altered in cancer.
  • Cerebellar development pathways offer insights into medulloblastoma.
  • Further research into these pathways can inform therapeutic strategies.