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Related Concept Videos

Cross-bridge Cycle01:26

Cross-bridge Cycle

As muscle contracts, the overlap between the thin and thick filaments increases, decreasing the length of the sarcomere—the contractile unit of the muscle—using energy in the form of ATP. At the molecular level, this is a cyclic, multistep process that involves binding and hydrolysis of ATP, and movement of actin by myosin.
Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Myasthenia Gravis ll: Pathophysiology

The disease process of myasthenia gravis begins at the neuromuscular junction, where antibodies attack key proteins needed for muscle activation. This immune reaction weakens signal transmission, leading to the characteristic muscle fatigue and weakness that define the condition.Immune-Mediated DamageIn most individuals, antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs) on the postsynaptic membrane of muscle cells. By blocking acetylcholine binding, these antibodies prevent the nerve signal...
Parkinson's Disease: Overview01:15

Parkinson's Disease: Overview

Neurodegenerative disorders are progressive diseases that cause irreversible damage and loss to neurons in specific brain areas. Examples of these disorders include Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, Multiple Sclerosis (MS), and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS). These disorders share characteristics such as proteinopathies, selective neuronal vulnerability, and a complex interplay between genetic and environmental factors. The primary therapeutic goal for these conditions is to...
Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...
Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy01:21

Satellite Stem Cells and Muscular Dystrophy

Satellite stem cells or myosatellite cells are quiescent stem cells that Alexander Mauro first identified in 1961. These cells are located between the sarcolemma, the plasma membrane of muscle fibers, and the basal lamina, the connective tissue sheath covering it. These mononucleated cells are activated in response to muscle injury, can transform into myoblasts, and may form or repair muscle fibers. Myosatellite cells can provide additional myonuclei for muscle regeneration or return to a...
Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction01:19

Multiple Sclerosis l: Introduction

Multiple sclerosis is a chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) that affects the brain, spinal cord, and optic nerves. It is an inflammatory demyelinating disorder and a leading cause of neurological disability in young adults.EpidemiologyMS commonly begins between 20 and 40 years of age and is twice as common in women. Its exact cause remains unclear, but genetic susceptibility contributes, with higher risk in first-degree relatives and identical twins. A greater...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

ALS - Motor Neuron Disease: Mechanism and Development of New Therapies
15:48

ALS - Motor Neuron Disease: Mechanism and Development of New Therapies

Published on: July 29, 2007

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Matthew C Kiernan1, Steve Vucic, Benjamin C Cheah

  • 1Neuroscience Research Australia and Prince of Wales Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. m.kiernan@unsw.edu.au

Lancet (London, England)
|February 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurodegenerative motor system disease. Research is progressing slowly, focusing on understanding its origins, triggers, and improving patient longevity and therapies.

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

ALS - Motor Neuron Disease: Mechanism and Development of New Therapies
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ALS - Motor Neuron Disease: Mechanism and Development of New Therapies

Published on: July 29, 2007

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Clinical Testing and Spinal Cord Removal in a Mouse Model for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
12:35

Clinical Testing and Spinal Cord Removal in a Mouse Model for Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

Published on: March 17, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Neurodegenerative diseases
  • Human motor system disorders

Background:

  • Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal, idiopathic neurodegenerative disease.
  • Progress in understanding ALS origins and predispositions has been slow since its initial description 150 years ago.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize current concepts regarding the origins and predispositions of ALS.
  • To discuss the heterogeneity of ALS cases.
  • To outline the future directions of ALS research, including therapies and prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature and concepts on ALS.
  • Discussion of historical perspectives and ongoing research efforts.

Main Results:

  • Current understanding of ALS pathogenesis remains incomplete.
  • ALS cases exhibit significant variability, necessitating tailored research and treatment approaches.

Conclusions:

  • Continued research is crucial for identifying ALS triggers and developing effective preventative measures.
  • Advancements in therapies, clinical trials, and population registries are vital for improving patient outcomes and longevity.