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Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting is the selective trafficking of histones, polymerases, gene regulatory proteins into the nucleus and exporting RNAs and ribosomes to the cytosol. It is a tightly controlled process that regulates gene expression within a cell.
Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry nuclear localization signals or NLS recognized by import receptors in the cytosol. Similarly, proteins with nuclear export signals are recognized by export receptors. Import and export receptors are...

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Nuclear Export of mRNA

Before mRNAs are exported to the cytoplasm, it is crucial to check each mRNA for structural and functional integrity. Eukaryotic cells use several different mechanisms, collectively known as mRNA surveillance, to look for irregularities in mRNAs. Irregular or aberrant mRNA are rapidly degraded by various enzymes. If a defective mRNA escapes the surveillance, it would be translated into a protein which would either be non-functional or not function properly. One of the primary irregularities in...

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...

Nuclear Export

Nuclear Export

The nucleus restricts several proteins within and allows others to pass. The restricted proteins possess a nuclear retention sequence or NRS, anchoring them to the nuclear lamins and preventing their transport to the cytosol. The non-restricted proteins, after their synthesis, are transported to their site of action, such as the cytosol or other organelles, with the help of nuclear export signals or NES.
NES are of three types- the canonical 10-residue long leucine-rich signal and other...

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import

Nuclear Localization Signals and Import

Proteins targeted to the nucleus carry short stretches of amino acid sequences called the nuclear localization signal or NLS. Classical nuclear localization signals are of two types: monopartite and bipartite NLS. Monopartite classical NLS (cNLS) consists of a single cluster of 4-8 amino acids. Bipartite cNLS consists of two clusters of 2-3 amino acids and a 9-12 residue long proline-rich linker bridging the two clusters. Signal clusters are rich in positively charged amino acids such as...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport

Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport

Published on: June 9, 2010

Nuclear pore complex-a coat specifically tailored for the nuclear envelope.

Evgeny Onischenko¹, Karsten Weis

¹Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720-3200, United States.

Current Opinion in Cell Biology

|February 8, 2011

Summary

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) act as selective gates for nuclear transport. Recent studies reveal that key NPC proteins evolved from coated vesicle components, suggesting a shared evolutionary origin.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport

Single-Molecule Imaging of Nuclear Transport

Published on: June 9, 2010

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Evolutionary Biology

Background:

Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs) regulate macromolecule transport between the nucleus and cytoplasm.
NPCs are complex structures composed of approximately 30 distinct proteins called nucleoporins.
The precise evolutionary origins of NPCs remain an area of active investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the evolutionary relationship between nuclear pore complexes and other cellular structures.
To explore potential common ancestry between nucleoporins and components of intracellular transport machinery.

Main Methods:

Proteomic analysis of NPC components.
Bioinformatic comparisons of nucleoporin sequences.
Structural studies of nucleoporins and vesicle coat proteins.

Main Results:

Evidence suggests key structural nucleoporins share common ancestry with elements of coated vesicles.
This indicates an evolutionary link between the machinery for nuclear transport and vesicular transport.

Conclusions:

The findings provide novel insights into the evolutionary origin of nuclear pore complexes.
Understanding this evolutionary link may aid in functionally characterizing nucleoporins and NPCs.