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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
Concept and Mechanism of Autoimmune Diseases
The immune system...
Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens01:29

Immune Response Against Viral Pathogens

The immune system's response to viral infections is a complex and coordinated process involving natural killer (NK) cells, T cell-mediated responses, and antibody-mediated responses.
NK Cells
NK cells are a crucial part of our innate immune system, acting as the first line of defense against viral infections. These cells can recognize and kill infected cells without prior exposure to the virus, effectively slowing down the spread of infection. Additionally, NK cells produce proinflammatory...
What is the Immune System?01:38

What is the Immune System?

Overview
Cell-mediated Immune Responses01:40

Cell-mediated Immune Responses

Overview
Special Features of Adaptive Immunity01:20

Special Features of Adaptive Immunity

The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
Defense Mechanism Against Infection01:26

Defense Mechanism Against Infection

Natural flora, body system defenses, and inflammation are natural barriers of the body against infectious agents regardless of previous exposure. Normal floras of the human body refer to the microbial population that colonizes the skin and mucous membranes.
In addition, many body organ systems have unique defenses against infection. The skin is an intact, multilayered surface preventing invasion by microorganisms unless impaired. Mucous membranes lining the mouth, nose, and eyelids are barriers...

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Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination
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Determining Immune System Suppression versus CNS Protection for Pharmacological Interventions in Autoimmune Demyelination

Published on: September 12, 2016

Infectious triggers protect from autoimmunity.

Paola Zaccone1, Anne Cooke

  • 1Department of Pathology, Tennis Court Road, Cambridge, UK.

Seminars in Immunology
|February 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Certain infectious agents may trigger autoimmune diseases, while others can prevent them. This review explores how microbes and their components can influence autoimmune responses.

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

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09:38

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Microbiology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • The relationship between infectious agents and autoimmune diseases is complex and bidirectional.
  • While some infections are implicated in triggering autoimmunity, others may exert protective effects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the mechanisms by which infectious agents or their products modulate autoimmune responses.
  • To explore the dual role of infections in the context of autoimmune pathology.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of studies investigating the interplay between infectious agents and autoimmunity.
  • Analysis of proposed molecular and cellular mechanisms of immune modulation by microbes.

Main Results:

  • Infectious agents can initiate or exacerbate autoimmune diseases through molecular mimicry, bystander activation, or epitope spreading.
  • Conversely, certain microbes and their products can suppress autoimmune responses via induction of regulatory T cells, cytokine modulation, or direct immune cell inhibition.

Conclusions:

  • Infectious agents represent a significant factor in the development and progression of autoimmune diseases.
  • Targeting microbial components or leveraging their immunomodulatory properties may offer novel therapeutic strategies for autoimmune conditions.