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Occupational solvent exposure and brain function: an fMRI study.

Cheuk Ying Tang1, David M Carpenter, Emily L Eaves

  • 1Department of Radiology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, New York 10029, USA. Cheuk.Tang@mssm.edu

Environmental Health Perspectives
|February 8, 2011
PubMed
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Chronic solvent exposure in construction workers is linked to cognitive deficits. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) revealed reduced brain activity in key areas, suggesting a neural basis for these impairments.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Occupational Health
  • Cognitive Science

Background:

  • Chronic solvent exposure is associated with cognitive deficits in workers.
  • The underlying neural mechanisms for these deficits remain largely unexplored.
  • This study investigates the brain function alterations in solvent-exposed workers.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare brain function between solvent-exposed and control workers using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).
  • To identify pathophysiological changes in brain activity related to solvent exposure.
  • To establish a neural basis for previously observed cognitive deficits.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited 54 workers (27 solvent-exposed, 27 controls) from construction trades.
  • Administered the N-Back working memory test during fMRI scans.

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  • Analyzed brain activation patterns, controlling for age, substance use, and depression.

    • Main Results:

    • Solvent-exposed workers showed poorer N-Back performance compared to controls.
    • Reduced activation was observed in anterior cingulate, prefrontal, and parietal cortices in exposed workers.
    • A negative correlation was found between lifetime solvent exposure and brain activation in these regions.

    Conclusions:

    • This study provides evidence of specific neural structures affected by chronic solvent exposure.
    • Findings suggest altered brain pathology, particularly in regions supporting working memory and attention.
    • Identified imaging markers correlate with neurobehavioral deficits, offering a biological mechanism for solvent-induced cognitive impairment.