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Clinical Significance of Antibiotic Resistance

Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) presents a critical public health threat, arising from its capacity to resist β-lactam antibiotics due to acquisition of the mecA gene within the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec (SCCmec). This gene encodes penicillin-binding protein 2a (PBP2a), which impairs binding efficacy of methicillin and other β-lactams. MRSA has evolved into distinct clonal lineages impacting humans and animals alike, reinforcing its significance within the One...
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Antibiotic resistance in bacteria arises when microorganisms evolve the ability to withstand drugs designed to kill them or inhibit their growth, rendering once-effective treatments useless. This phenomenon, driven by genetic change and selection under antibiotic exposure, poses a profound threat to modern medicine. Mechanisms include drug-inactivating enzymes (e.g., β-lactamases), efflux pumps that eject antibiotics, mutations altering antibiotic targets, decreased drug uptake, and acquisition...
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Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Purification of a High Molecular Mass Protein in Streptococcus mutans
09:51

Purification of a High Molecular Mass Protein in Streptococcus mutans

Published on: September 14, 2019

Mutacins from Streptococcus mutans UA159 are active against multiple streptococcal species.

Mohammad Shahnoor Hossain1, Indranil Biswas

  • 1Department of Microbiology, Molecular Genetics and Immunology, University of Kansas Medical Center, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, Kansas 66160, USA.

Applied and Environmental Microbiology
|February 8, 2011
PubMed
Summary

Streptococcus mutans produces two mutacins. Both nlmA and nlmB genes are essential for optimal mutacin IV activity, which targets multiple Streptococcus species, suggesting potential synergistic effects with mutacin V.

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Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Purification of a High Molecular Mass Protein in Streptococcus mutans
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Published on: September 14, 2019

Generation of a Gene-disrupted Streptococcus mutans Strain Without Gene Cloning
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Published on: October 23, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Bacteriology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Streptococcus mutans UA159 produces two nonlantibiotic mutacins: mutacin IV (nlmAB) and mutacin V (nlmC).
  • Previous reports suggested differing requirements for nlmA and nlmB in mutacin IV production.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the specific roles of nlmA and nlmB in Streptococcus mutans mutacin IV activity.
  • To determine the inhibitory spectrum of mutacin IV and mutacin V against various Streptococcus species.

Main Methods:

  • Genetic studies involving targeted gene modifications.
  • Analysis of semipurified mutacin molecules.
  • Antimicrobial activity assays against multiple Streptococcus species.

Main Results:

  • Both nlmA and nlmB genes are demonstrated to be essential for optimal mutacin IV activity.
  • Mutacin IV exhibits broad-spectrum activity against multiple Streptococcus species.
  • Mutacin V shows a narrower inhibitory range compared to mutacin IV.

Conclusions:

  • The findings clarify the genetic requirements for mutacin IV production, highlighting the necessity of both nlmA and nlmB.
  • Mutacin IV possesses significant antimicrobial potential against diverse Streptococcus species.
  • The distinct inhibitory profiles of mutacin IV and mutacin V suggest potential synergistic interactions for enhanced antimicrobial efficacy.