Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...

Rh Blood Group

Rh Blood Group

The Rhesus (Rh) antigen is crucial in determining blood groups and ensuring compatibility during blood transfusions.

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Acute Pancreatitis II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Acute pancreatitis presents a complex medical emergency characterized by rapid onset inflammation of the pancreas, demanding timely diagnosis and management to prevent complications. The condition primarily manifests through severe upper abdominal pain that often radiates to the back. This pain intensifies following the consumption of fatty foods. Accompanying symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, abdominal distention, fever, dyspnea, cyanosis, and jaundice can vary in intensity but significantly...

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Pulmonary Tuberculosis V

Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Rubella testing and the pregnant patient.

Canadian family physician Medecin de famille canadien·2010

Same author

Interferon in the cerebrospinal fluid of children with central nervous system disorders.

Canadian Medical Association journal·2010

Same author

Transfusion-acquired hepatitis C virus infection in a Canadian population, October 1983 through June 1985.

Transfusion·1998

Same author

The epidemiology of viral hepatitis.

Arctic medical research·1991

Same author

Relationship between tuberculin reactivity and hepatitis B virus infection in the Northwest Territories.

Arctic medical research·1991

Same author

Success of a program of routine prenatal screening for hepatitis B surface antigen: the first 2 years.

CMAJ : Canadian Medical Association journal = journal de l'Association medicale canadienne·1990

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Dried Blood Spots - Preparing and Processing for Use in Immunoassays and in Molecular Techniques

Dried Blood Spots - Preparing and Processing for Use in Immunoassays and in Molecular Techniques

Published on: March 13, 2015

The HBsAg-Positive Patient: Implications and a Guide to Management.

Canadian Family Physician Medecin De Famille Canadien

|February 8, 2011

Summary

Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) appears in blood before hepatitis symptoms. Persistent HBsAg carriers may show no liver disease signs or have chronic hepatitis.

Area of Science:

Hepatology
Virology
Immunology

Background:

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection leads to detectable hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) in serum.
HBsAg presence precedes abnormal liver function tests and clinical hepatitis symptoms.
HBsAg typically becomes undetectable after acute hepatitis resolves.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze the significance of persistent HBsAg detection in apparently healthy individuals.
To differentiate between asymptomatic carriers and those with chronic liver disease.

Main Methods:

Serum screening for HBsAg in populations, including volunteer blood donors.
Assessment of liver function tests.
Evaluation of biochemical and histologic findings in HBsAg-positive individuals.

More Related Videos

Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix

Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix

Published on: October 20, 2021

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 4, 2026

Dried Blood Spots - Preparing and Processing for Use in Immunoassays and in Molecular Techniques

Dried Blood Spots - Preparing and Processing for Use in Immunoassays and in Molecular Techniques

Published on: March 13, 2015

Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix

Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix

Published on: October 20, 2021

Main Results:

Screening identifies apparently healthy individuals with persistent HBsAg.
The majority of persistent HBsAg carriers lack laboratory evidence of hepatitis.
A subset of persistent HBsAg carriers exhibits biochemical or histologic evidence of chronic liver disease.

Conclusions:

Persistent HBsAg detection can indicate chronic HBV carriage.
Asymptomatic HBsAg carriers represent a significant portion of infected individuals.
Further investigation is warranted for persistent HBsAg carriers to rule out underlying chronic liver disease.